tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51096081666082162522024-02-20T07:56:03.813-08:00Editing college essaysWaverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-76275182235124708882020-08-24T12:41:00.001-07:002020-08-24T12:41:05.210-07:00The Lord Of The Flies: Summary :: The Lord of the FliesThe Lord of the Flies: Summary The tale Lord of the Flies by William Golding, an experience and tension story, is written in 1857. The story sets on an abandoned Pacific coral island. A gathering of school young men are marooned on this island after a plane accident out traveling to Australia. The story starts with an enormous number of school young men on a uninhabited tropical island and two of the senior young men who have authority characteristics contend to accomplish a similarity to arrange to endure. Ralph, who has discovered a conch also, blows it to bring all the young men to a gathering, is worried about the well being of everybody, while Jack is progressively worried about making rules and rebuffing wrongdoers. Be that as it may, just one firm principle is built up by Ralph and that is as it were the individual holding the conch will be allowed to talk at gatherings. The two pioneers before long find that they don't care for one another on account of their distinction needs and the contention starts between them. It causes the gathering to part into two, with Jack=s adherents being in the larger part. Ralph is worried about structure covers, orchestrating work and on being safeguarded however Jack just needs to meander the wilderness and chase. The inability to set up rules before long makes disarray and wrong conduct supported by Jack. Ralph=s just supporter is Piggy, a fat asthmatic young men who no one enjoys since he is continually addressing and condemning everyone=s conduct. Jack menaces him continually and different young men ridicule him. Jack and his supporters spend the vast majority of their time chasing for wild pigs so Ralph=s endeavors to arrange the bunch fizzle. At this point, a large portion of the more established young men are starting to act like savages, chasing wild pigs, going into a free for all when they succeed and commend their slaughter with wild moving around a fire. One evening during an air-fight, a body of a parachutist arrives on the island and has gotten tangled on certain stones on the mountain. Talk of a Abeast@ on their island finds that the monster the parachutist yet tragically never has the chance to tell the others. He is confused with the monster and is coincidentally executed during a wild festival feast that takes place after an effective chase by Jack and his adherents. Later on, Ralph=s last devotee is additionally executed however not coincidentally. Ralph has lost every one of his devotees and is sought after by the other people who need to slaughter him. Will he endure? What's more, who is the Lord of the Flies? The story, loaded with anticipation and awfulness, catches my creative mind and my Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-9796124598865773122020-08-22T01:21:00.001-07:002020-08-22T01:21:17.358-07:00Comparing Treatment of Death During the Renaissance and in Shakespeareââ¬â¢Treatment of Death During the Renaissance and in Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo and Juliet Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo and Juliet is ostensibly the most notable and very much read play ever. With its energetic and reasonable treatment of general subjects of affection, destiny, war, and passing, itââ¬â¢s not hard to perceive any reason why. Notwithstanding, the vast majority donââ¬â¢t understand that there are a few renditions of the play, each with their own extraordinary increases as well as changes to the plot, discourse, and characters. In the wake of browsing the writings situated here on this site, you can see even initially the unmistakable contrasts between the renditions of Romeo and Juliet. This article will investigate how individuals managed passing during the Renaissance in setting to Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet (Lamentable Tragedie.) More explicitly, I will show that the additional monolog in act 4, scene 5, with respect to the show of death, is predictable to the social and strict convictions of the timespan. Act IV, scene V of the Lamentable Tragedie is maybe the most savvy scene managing the adapting of death during the Renaissance. Past to the scene Romeo has been ousted for killing Tybalt, and Julietââ¬â¢s father has constrained her to wed her promised Paris. In a frantic endeavor to dodge the marriage and rejoin Juliet with her affection, the Friar gives Juliet a resting remedy to arrange her passing. Persuaded that a union with Paris would be more terrible than death, Juliet takes the dreadful mixture and falls into a state of unconsciousness like rest. Toward the start of the scene the house is blending with fervor in anticipation of the wedding and the medical caretaker is sent to wake the dozing Juliet. After much calling and shaking, the medical caretaker starts to speculate that something isn't right. Could her mistre... ...ents in such a way, sovereignty ruled during Shakespeareââ¬â¢s day and could do and talk as they saw fit. At long last, it is imperative to comprehend the verifiable setting for which the characters were composed. Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Romeo and Juliet was composed for a group of people that had endure the dangerous powers of the Black Death, and shared an alternate way of thinking on death through and through. Works Cited Heitsch, Dorothea. ââ¬Å"Approaching Death by Writing: Montaigneââ¬â¢s Essays and the Literature of Consolation.â⬠Literature and Medicine 19, Jan. 2000: pp 1-6. Huizinga, Johan. The Waning of the Middle Ages. London: Edward Arnold, 1924. Spinrad, Pheobe. The Summons of Death on the Medieval and Renaissance English Stage. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1987. Wilcox, Helen. Ladies and Literature in Britain 1500-1700. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-19559961154091876822020-07-20T19:21:00.001-07:002020-07-20T19:21:04.075-07:00Style on a Budget Get a Trendy Wardrobe Without a Payday LoanStyle on a Budget Get a Trendy Wardrobe Without a Payday Loan Style on a Budget: Get Trendy Clothes Without a Payday Loan Style on a Budget: Get Trendy Clothes Without a Payday LoanThey say you should dress for the job you want, but unless the job youâre looking for is âprofessional schlubâ you wonât be able to get by with cheap sweatpants and t-shirts. Itâs a bit of a chicken and egg situation, trying to afford the clothes you need for the job you want that will allow you to afford the clothes you need for⦠well, you get it.And if you have bad credit, thereâs no reason to risk applying for a payday loan just to get a better wardrobe. No outfit is worth getting yourself trapped in a cycle of debt. Instead, use these tips from our experts to get the clothes you need on a budget that lets you feed (yourself).Advice from sales expertsYou donât need us to tell you about retail sales⦠but weâre going to anyway! Sure, you know sales exist, but are you a sales expert? Because we talked to some sales experts and they have advice for you.PR executive Amanda Maxwell (@amkmaxwell) told us her a pproach: âI always try to wait for sales first of all. Depending on what store you are at, almost everything drops to sale after the first three initial weeks of the item being on the rack. I also wait for special promotion days when you can get extra percentages off. Another trick is signing up for an email for a specific store. Most companies offer a 15-30 percent off coupon when you sign up for their emails for the first time! So always look! Or have your friend sign up.âRachel DâRuan a stylist with TRUE Model Management (@TrueModelMgt), offered her own sales advice: âI always advise clients to purchase what they may need when theres a sale instead of waiting until they need it. My go-to is Chicmi.com because the platform has the most up-to-date list of sample sales as well as fashion events and online fashion sales. Each fashion trend lasts at least three seasons (16 months) and each also makes a come back every few years; thus, when quality products are purchased, they could last a lifetime!âKnow when to shop.You should always be on the lookout for sales. They can strike at any timeâ"like lightning that saves you money. But there are also more consistent rules you can follow to save money when shopping for clothes. The tides of shopping, rather than the lightning.âOne way that I have found is to buy clothes out of season,â advised Alayna Pehrson, digital marketing strategist for BestCompany.com (@BestCompanyUSA). âAlthough this may mean that you cant wear it right after you buy it, youll have it to wear for the appropriate season AND you will definitely save money. There is a month-by-month guide that I found to be pretty helpful when trying to figure out which items are cheapest during which month of the year: http://time.com/money/4190173/month-guide-best-time-buy-everything/âAnd know where to shop.Every reporter knows the 5 âWâs: Who, What, When, Where, and Why. Weâve already answered the Who, What, When, and Why (you, affordab le clothes, off-season, and so you donât end up with bad credit) so now itâs time to talk about the âWhere.âMaxwell shared some of her favorite affordable options: âThere is also the obvious [choice] of shopping at discount stores like Saks Off Fifth or Nordstrom Rack where they offer clothing from their main stores at a discounted price. Theres always a rack of damaged stuff (etc missing a button) thats AMAZING and totally unnoticeable. You can find amazing deals there and they take an extra 40 percent off usually.âAnother perk I LOVE to use and has become even more amazing over the last few years, is to shop secondhand. There are so many avenues and websites to go now from eBay to Tradsey, to local clothing resale stores. Here in New York we have amazing secondhand shops with stuff that people have never even worn! Marked from $800 to $100! If you buy online from eBay its also tax free! Dont forget this method also applies to you selling your old stuff! This allows you to make some money and save on getting new clothing. Its a win win!âYou should also check out coupon sites. As Pehrson told us, âAnother way to save money when buying clothes is to search for online coupons. Sites like coupons.com, retailmenot, and Groupon are some great places to find online clothing coupons.âPersonal finance expert Kayla Sloan (@kaylarsloan) also has a site she relies on for fashion deals: âMy biggest secret for looking great for less is using online thrift stores, like ThredUp.com. I always wait until they offer a coupon code for 10 percent off (or more) or free shipping. I also re-sell my clothes there after Im finished with them so I can use my store credit to refresh my wardrobe. ThredUp is my favorite way to get brand name clothes for less!âSome more tips for style on a budget!Weâve got even more tips for you to use! Need something for a one-time event? âFor special occasions, I would recommend renting an outfit (dress, tux, etc),â Pehrson su ggested. âThis will keep your credit, closet, and conscience clear as you will most likely only use that outfit once.âShe also had another good tip for keeping your spending in check: âA great way to not build up bad credit while shopping for clothes is to only use cash. With cash, there is no temptation to break out the credit card and spend more. Make sure to limit the cash you carry depending on your clothing budget.âGot a big social media following? DâRuan says you might be able to use it to your advantage: âIf you are an aspiring fashionista, stop by stores like Dreams on Air and Flying Solo. Designers from curated fashion incubators dont have the budget for top PR services or advertisement so they are more than likely to lend clothes to social influencers (10K+ IG followers) in return for free publicity. I can share more on this approach but it is as simple as filling out a âpullâ form, which also asks for credit card info and duration of the pull. As long as t he items are returned in their original condition, you can rock clothes off the runway from fashion week for free!âLooking for affordable stockings? Vienne Cheung, founder of VienneMilano (@VienneMilano) filled us in on her wares: âIn a nutshell, the best way to save money and look fashionable is to shop for affordable luxury brands. For example, for women, instead of spending $50-100 for a pair of stockings, hip and young professionals can shop at VienneMilano.com all of our products are made in Italy. Since VienneMilano is a small business that does not carry extra overhead cost, we can afford to offer fabulous and luxurious products to our customers at an affordable price. Our made in Italy stockings only cost $19.95 for a pair of hosiery, which is significantly less than some of our competitors who sell at $50 for a pair of stockings.âFinally, Okera Banks (@OkeraBanks), celebrity stylist and founder of OTG Essentials, told us how you can switch things up without having to get a whole new wardrobe: âYou can have a hip wardrobe without driving yourself into bad credit or bad debt. I call that living within your means, as you maintain your needs.âThe most important thing to do is first look at your day to day lifestyle and plan out your week. Create a budget that is realistic and include future spending. The idea here is to save, which means you may have to take advantage of discounts, warehouse sales, or outlets stores like Nordstroms Rack, who offer great products below market value and even online shopping opportunities.âI always tell people who are creating a hip wardrobe or who are transitioning into a new look to review your current wardrobe and add cool accent and statement pieces for extra flare without having to completely replace your closet. And purchase items that are interchangeable and transitional, that way they can be worn for business, travel, business casual, fun, or cocktails.âThe idea is being a conservative shopper while be ing stylish and having a sense of duality with each purchase to accommodate your lifestyle. An essential garment piece is one that can create more than 3 good looks.âTake all of these tips, and before you know it youâll have a whole new look and a whole new improved credit score.ContributorsOkera Banks (@OkeraBanks) is a Los Angeles based designer and celebrity stylist to some of Hollywoodâs elite. As a creative designer and owner of Okera Banks OTG Essentials, OTG is the acronym for âOn The Go,â her collection caters to todayâs swagged out and sophisticated entrepreneur, fashion conscious trend setters and travelers on the go who want comfort and ease with impeccable style.Vienne Cheung (@VienneMilano) followed her passion for fashion and travel to fine hosiery. For years, she traveled the world seeking the best fashion and accessories. In Milano, Italy she fell in love with premium hosiery, then unavailable in the US. The rest is history: she left her cushy corporate j ob, and plunged her soul (and legs!) into VienneMilano.Rachel DâRuan (@TrueModelMgt) After half a decade strategizing publicity campaigns for major film studios in Los Angeles, Rachel ventured into fashion and lifestyle PR in New York City. Representing some of the most well-known talents and entrepreneurs in the business has enabled Rachel to obtain a wealth of contacts and diverse experience in image consulting, publicity, marketing and branding. Rachelâs expertise, persistence and tactical approach to her work serves her clients well.Amanda Maxwell (@amkmaxwell) is a 23 year old PR Senior Executive residing in New York City. Shes mostly known for her contributions in the fashion world, fashion focused social media, and press related contributions. Shes also currently a writer for BossBabe.co sharing tips and tricks on all things Fashion, Life, and Beauty. With her extensive relationships and industry experience, Amanda has always remained in style.Alayna Pehrson(@BestCompa nyUSA) is a Digital Marketing Strategist and Credit Repair Specialist at BestCompany.comKayla Sloan (@kaylarsloan) is a personal finance and small business expert. She has been featured in The Huffington Post, Time, Entrepreneur Magazine, and more. Kayla is passionate about helping people improve their finances so they can pursue their dreams with her blog at KaylaSloan.com. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-49448029541928065232020-05-21T23:28:00.001-07:002020-05-21T23:28:05.597-07:00Global Warming And The Kyoto Protocol - 1470 Words This paper will be divided in three parts, beginning with a brief background on the global warming agenda and tackle the issues surrounding the Kyoto Protocol. The second part will look at climate change and the protocol from the respective lenses of realism and liberalism. I will argue that while none of the theories precisely covers the entirety of the issue, each provides helpful analysis falls short of clarifying the entire climate change picture. Can states cooperate effectively through the structure of the Kyoto protocol to solve an international problem of global warming?â⬠I. Global Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol The study of the effects on global warming is nothing new, however, the climate change agenda has only inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦[15] President George W. Bush has not made any effort since that time to revive the Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-86943081611828117362020-05-06T23:57:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:57:34.856-07:00Compare and Contrast Ethics and Virtue Theory - 802 Words Ethics and virtue have been a very contentious issue facing society for centuries. Many argue over the merits of various theories, each with its own philosophies and assumptions. It is this argument that has given rise to many popular and followed theories of ethics and virtues. The theories discussed primarily in this document include the virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological theory. Each is very distinct to the others in regards to its principles and assumptions regarding human behavior. Each however, has merit in regards to question of ethics and virtue, and how it should subsequently be valued. Virtue Theory relies heavily on the character of the person rather than the circumstances in which the individual acts. The virtue theory deemphasizes rules and regulations and instead focuses on the internal character of the act in question. The virtue theory is not concerned with the intentions of the act. Nor is it concerned primarily with the consequences of the act. Instead the virtue theory relies on moral virtues. If the individual is of good character or not is the primary concern with virtue theory. What is difficult to ascertain however, is the question of what constitutes character? How can one appropriate establish the contents of ones character? A persons character traits are the compesition of his character traits. These traits can either be good (virtuous) or bad (vices). In both instances, the virtue theory establishes and emphasized these twoShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Virtue Ethics925 Words à |à 4 PagesVirtue ethics is a normative theory whose foundations were laid by Aristotle. This theory approaches normative ethics in substantially different ways than consequentialist and deontological theories. In this essay, I will contrast and compare virtue ethics to utilitarianism, ethical egoism, and Kantianism to demonstrate these differences. There is one fundamental aspect of virtue ethics that sets it apart from the other theories I will discuss. For the sake of brevity and to avoid redundancy, I willRead MoreEthics : Virtue Ethics And Ethics1351 Words à |à 6 Pages 1. what is virtue ethics and what does it do that the two major ethical approaches do not? Virtue ethics is one of the three major approaches in ethics. This approach of ethics emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to other approaches which emphasizes duties or rules. 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Joseph Weiss (2009) identifies fundamental ethical principles that guide decision making: utilitarianis m, universalism, rights, justice, and ethical virtue. John Rawls contributes his Theory of Justice as Fairness as another approach for consideration in resolving ethical dilemmas. Utilitarianism The utilitarian view states that an action is considered right or good based on its consequences (2009). The utilitarian Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-74606222175491710562020-05-06T08:51:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:51:43.614-07:00Letter / Apollo Shoes Free Essays First I would like to thank the board of director of Apollo Shores for their recent inquiry about Phoenix Companyââ¬â¢s services. Since our firm is small, we offer a wide range of personalized services to clients at a reasonable cost. Phoenix Company is a CPA firm with more the 25 years in the business of providing client tax services, accounting booking, management consulting, quality control consulting, risk assessment, capital transaction assistance, and information systems functionality. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter / Apollo Shoes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The firmââ¬â¢s approach has been very successful because of our ability to comprehend our clientsââ¬â¢ organization paradigm including risk assessment, control issues, and diagnostic. The benefits to our auditing approach would help the management team efficiency identify areas within the organizationââ¬â¢s that needs to be address. This process could improve the companyââ¬â¢s efficiency identifying that controls are in place. Overall this gives the management team a better understanding of the organization working including their financial systems. The role of Phoenix Company is to obtaining sufficient audit evaluation and evidence in order to test the organizational controls. At this time I would like to define auditing and give some benefits of an audit. ââ¬Å"Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteriaâ⬠(Arens, Elder Beasley, 2006). The benefits to auditing are the ability for a company to improve the understanding of the financial records from the management and users stand points. Another benefit is the ability to identify areas within the organization that needs improvement. A company could reinforce, risk assessments, and improve internal controls. In conclusion the firm of Phoenix Company is an excellent resource to provide Apollo Shores with effective analysis, and relevant information to meet the needs of your organization. The approach is to improve the organization safeguards in order to protect the financial operations of the company. How to cite Letter / Apollo Shoes, Papers Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-20022922064716463632020-04-26T18:56:00.001-07:002020-04-26T18:56:02.986-07:00This Girl Is Onfire Essay Sample free essay sample Items to believe about/review when believing about your claim and back uping points: â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Tools of the Tradeâ⬠o A procedure for Avoiding Misrepresentationâ⬠¢ Us V. Them footingsO PrejudiceO Partialityo ProvincialismO Herd inherent aptitudeâ⬠¢ Ethos. Son. poignancyO Ari wants to purchase a pizzao Boston Legal Clipâ⬠¢ Style notes- Audience and Purposeo How we use redacting. framing/shots. camera angles. Lighting. camera motion to accomplish our intent. â⬠¢ Tone words/Strong verbsâ⬠¢ Fallacies and Biaso Five types of emotional statementso Five other types of false beliefs Persuasive Core Review- Beginnings that can be cited for Core 2: â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Neat V. Sloppy Peopleâ⬠by Suzanne BrittO Exploring personality types. the differentiation is ever moral O Makes generalisations in order to carry us of her cardinal claim: the differentiation is ever moral â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Separate Fact from Prejudiceâ⬠By Lenard Pitts o Narratives in your caput of perceptual experiences of how things are â⬠¢ For Mahammed Zeid of Gaza. Age 15o ââ¬Å"Stray bulletâ⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Homelessâ⬠Anna Quindlenâ⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Calculated Riskâ⬠by K. We will write a custom essay sample on This Girl Is Onfire Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page C. Coleo Peoples are afraid of less hazardous actions when their day-to-day activities pose far more hazardâ⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Farewell to Baseballâ⬠by Lou Gehrigâ⬠¢ President Barak Obama ââ¬â Back to School SpeechO Who is responsible for our instruction?â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Crummy First Draftâ⬠by Anne Lamotto How our head tricks us into believing something that may non be true ( her perceptual experience of her composing accomplishments compared to the world of her accomplishments ) â⬠¢ ââ¬Å" The War of the Wordsâ⬠Newsweek article by Jerry Adler o How we change words or phrases to acquire the result we want: ââ¬Å"Global Warmingâ⬠vs. ââ¬Å"Greenhouse Effectâ⬠ââ¬Å"Estate revenue enhancement vs. decease taxâ⬠â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Ways We Lieâ⬠by Stephanie Ericsson o 10 different types of prevaricationso Lies can be destructive no affair how harmless they seem â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Already Big Thing on the Internet: Descrying on Usersâ⬠NY TIMES Editorial by Adam Cohen â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Is Anything Private Anymore? â⬠Parade Magazine article by Sean Flynn â⬠¢ How our personal information is exposed on the cyberspace â⬠¢ Political Print Ads â⬠¢ Political run mailingsâ⬠¢ Print ad persuasionâ⬠¢ McDonaldââ¬â¢s Happy repast and grownup repast ââ¬â female parent and girlâ⬠¢ Home Depot Adâ⬠¢ Your ad â⬠¢ Rhetorical Analysis Addresss:o The Space Shuttle Challenger Tragedy AddressO Remarks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. o 9/11 Address to the Stateo Pearl Harbor Address to the StateO ââ¬Å"We are Virginia Techâ⬠Nikki Giovanni verse formo Oklahoma Bombing Memorial Prayer Service Addressâ⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Androgynous Manâ⬠by Noel Perrinâ⬠¢ Persuasion through personal experiences taking to generalizations/stereotypes â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Men we Carry in Our Mindsâ⬠by Scott Russel Sanders â⬠¢ Childhood experiences analyzing gender functions â⬠¢ Independent reading booksâ⬠¢ Macbetho Characters. Actions. Motivationso The four subjectso Thingss are non ever what they seemo Ambition is frequently blindingo Superstition frequently affects human behaviouro Power can pervert those who have it Video Sources that can be cited for Core 2: Political Television ads ââ¬â World Wide Web. livingroomcandidate. org Documentaries:â⬠¢ Outfoxedâ⬠¢ Born into Brothelsâ⬠¢ Mad Hot Ballroomâ⬠¢ Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Priceâ⬠¢ Bowling for Columbineâ⬠¢ Super Size Meâ⬠¢ The Persuaders ââ¬â by Douglas RushkoffO Song Airlineso Andy Spadeo Emotional bonds with consumero Devotion to ProductsO LovemarkO Becoming a portion of the plano Focus groupso Gallic expert RapailleO Advertising/NarrowcastingO Axciomâ⬠¢ Spellboundo How first feelings can be biased or stereotyped Ted. com Negotiations:â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"John Francis Walks the Earthâ⬠TED. com talk by John Francis o walks the Earth. transporting a message of careful. genuinely sustainabledevelopment and regard for our planet O Importance of Listening â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Are We in Control of Our Own Decisions? â⬠TED. com talk Dan Ariely o Are we in control of our ain determinations?â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Lucifer Effectâ⬠by Philip Zimbardo and Cindy X. Wang o How we are persuaded- writteno Same situation- three choices- heroic. immorality. inactivity. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-69870787765411952402020-03-19T01:01:00.001-07:002020-03-19T01:01:02.808-07:00Soles4Souls Shoe DriveSoles4Souls Shoe Drive Disability Attorneys of Michigan Collects 1,113 Pairs of Shoes to Help Those in Need Disability Attorneys of Michigan is deeply grateful for the incredible co-workers, clients, family members and friends in the community who have made our first Soles4Souls shoe drive a great success. We are proud to announce that we have collected an impressive total of 1,113 pairs of shoes in the three weeks that the shoe drive was held.The total far surpassed the original goal of 500 pairs, demonstrating the true power of our community coming together to make a difference.ââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢re really amazed at the wonderful response and super proud that we were able to more than double our goal,â⬠Partner Samantha Ball, said.Choosing the Right Partner to Help Those in Need The shoe drive committee, spearheaded by Samantha Ball, Lacey Horning, Patricia Jerome and Stephanie Sowa, have been hard at work planning and overseeing the drive, which ran from Monday, February 18 to Friday, March 8.Disability Attorneys of Michigan wanted to host an office-wide charitable initiative, and th e committee chose Soles4Souls as its partner for the shoe drive. As aà non-profit social enterprise, Soles4Souls is dedicated to creating sustainable jobs and providing relief through the distribution of shoes and clothing around the world. Since 2006, the organization has donated more than 30 million shoes.Disability Attorneys of Michigan utilized Zappos for Good, a Soles4Souls partner, to ship the more than one thousand shoes to the organization to help those in need.The Power of Community: Everyone Who Donated Made a Difference Thanks to the generosity of everyone who donated, this shoe drive was incredibly successful! Each donation of new or gently used shoes truly has the power to transform someoneââ¬â¢s life and make a difference, and we couldnââ¬â¢t have done this without everyoneââ¬â¢s support!Everyone at Disability Attorneys of Michigan is overjoyed by how the community came together to support this great cause and help us reach and exceed our goal. Seeing the co mmunity work together, helping to spread the word about the drive and donating is a testament to the power of the community and giving back.Disability Attorneys of Michigan would also like to thank the amazing shoe drive committee for their leadership, hard work and enthusiasm throughout the drive. Law Firm Charity Work, Michigan Social Security Lawyer, Soles4Souls, Soles4Souls Shoe Drive, Zappos for Good Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-35468899337963476762020-03-02T16:45:00.001-08:002020-03-02T16:45:03.623-08:008 Most Common IELTS Mistakes and How to Avoid Them8 Most Common IELTS Mistakes and How to Avoid Them Here is a list of eight most common IELTS pitfalls that cost test takers precious points. More is less. A very common mistake is to answer in more words than instructed. If the task says Not more than 3 words, answering in 4 or more words will definitely cost marks.Less is less. The length of a written task is crucial. When instructions mention a minimal number of words (250 for an essay, 150 for report or letter), it means that any work shorter than required will be penalized.A longer essay doesnt mean a better mark. Another common misconception is that longer essays score better in IELTS. Not only is this a myth, but also a dangerous one. Writing a long essay can indirectly cost marks because the chances of making mistakes increase with the number of words and sentences.Changing the subject is unacceptable. Every so often a student is asked to write on a topic, that he doesnt understand. To avoid the disaster of missing a whole task they decide to write on a slightly ââ¬â or entirely - different topic. The sad fact is that no matter how beautiful the submitted work is, the wrong topic means a zero score. Another similar pitfall is to omit parts of the given topic or ignore the guidelines in your work. Every point the topic refers to needs to be covered because the examiners will be actually counting them. A good memory can get you in trouble. Having seen that the topics sometimes repeat, smart students with good memory decide to memorize essays. This is a terrible mistake to make because the examiners are trained to look for memorized essays and have firm instructions to disqualify such works on the spot.An accent is not important. Pronunciation is. IELTS, being a test for non-native English speakers cant penalize people for having an accent. The problem here is that not everyone knows the difference between speaking with an accent and mispronouncing the words. No matter how strong an accent a person has, the words are to be pronounced correctly or it will cost marks.It is not the ideas that are important, but the way they are described in. Many students think that expressing the wrong ideas (whether it is an essay, letter or discussion) can harm their score. The truth is that no idea can be wrong and the ideas are not important on their own, it is the way they are expressed in that i mportant. Connective words: the more is not always the better. Smart students know that one of the essays marking criteria is coherence and cohesion, and what better way is there to demonstrate cohesion than to use lots of connective words, right? Wrong. Overuse of connective words is a known problem, which is easily recognized and penalized by the examiners. A word of advice: to stay out of trouble, it is equally important to be aware of the pitfalls and to practice enough before the exam. Being familiar with the structure and the procedure of the test will build up confidence and that will reflect in your score. This article was kindly provided by Simone Braverman who runs an excellent IELTS blog full of useful information and tips on taking the IELTS exam. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-9543519582822399082020-02-15T08:11:00.001-08:002020-02-15T08:11:03.862-08:00International Trade Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsInternational Trade Concepts - Essay Example Engaging in international trade means that the demand for the countryââ¬â¢s products is no longer limited to and determined by the home country. With international trade, the countryââ¬â¢s product will have greater demands. These greater demands mean increase in wealth for the countries. Because there are greater demands for a product, with costs of production decreasing, assuming that with specialization the technology improves and the efficiency is increasingââ¬âproduction increases and wealth comes to the country. International trade encourages local competition within its industries in order to achieve efficiency. With more products in the market due to import or other companies bringing their products to compete with local competitors, local players are forced to produce more competitive products to satisfy the consumers. This stimulation of local competition can also bring down the prices of goods in a given industry. By making excellent products available to consumers at the same price level, satisfaction is met among the population. When firms go trading with countries, it is very usual that they bring with them the technical know-hows as regards their production. This experience adds to the increase in a countryââ¬â¢s intellectual capital. When there is trade of goods, it is likely that trade in certain knowledge also follows. Therefore, this is beneficial to both countries as they exchange more knowledge in order to increase their technological capacities. When more efficient foreign players enter a local industry, it can offer prices below the market clearing price. Due to this, there will be issues like dumping because the playersââ¬â¢ interests are at stake, when they cannot compete with the more efficient foreign player in terms of price. International trade, therefore poses a limitationââ¬âa country should also consider the interests of the local players when Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-36004467142653238162020-02-02T06:26:00.001-08:002020-02-02T06:26:03.462-08:00Two of the Gospels, compared and contrasted AssignmentTwo of the Gospels, compared and contrasted - Assignment Example The gospel according to Mathew begins with the genealogy of Jesus. It traces His roots of to King David through Joseph, His father. Jesus had a miraculous conception through the Holy Spirit as Mary conceived before meeting with Joseph. A star guided visitors from the east to visit Him at Bethlehem. Later on when he was two years old, he escaped with his parents to Egypt when King Herod began killing all children who were less than two years of age. He returned from Egypt after Herod died. John the Baptist announced that Jesus would baptize people with fire and the Holy Spirit. John baptized Jesus afterwards he went to the wilderness and fasted for forty days and forty nights. The devil came to tempt Jesus three times after his fasting. However, he overcame these temptations and began his mission. (Johnson 167). The gospel according to Luke begins with the annunciation of the birth of Jesus Christ by angel Gabriel, six months into the pregnancy of Elizabeth. His conception was miracul ous, as Mary did not meet with Joseph before getting pregnant. His birth was at Bethlehem in a manger. A week later, he underwent circumcision in accordance to Jewish customs, and named Jesus. Later on, he underwent purification when presented to the temple for dedication in Jerusalem and met Simeon and Prophetess Anna. At age twelve, he went with His parents to the temple in Jerusalem for the Passover Feast and stayed behind with the Pharisees. John the Baptist baptized Jesus. Afterwards, he went to the wilderness for fasting for forty days and forty nights after which the devil came to tempt Him. He began his work in Galilee, teaching in synagogues where he encountered rejection at His own home in Nazareth (Johnson 167). Write an essay explaining the significance, background, conversion, and ministry of the Apostle Paul. Christianity in the early days got a lot of opposition from the rulers of its time, especially among Romans who were ruling Jews. It brought about numerous change s in spiritual settings of everyone who heard the gospel. This led to confusion in the Roman Empire because most teachings of Christianity condemned socially accepted practices such as corruption and bribery, which were a common feature in the Roman Empire. Jesus ascended to heaven after charging His disciples with the duty of spreading the good news to the Jews and the Gentiles, and across all nations of the world. Romans disliked this confusion and persecuted everyone found spreading the gospel, or claiming to be a Christian, i.e. a follower of Christ. Saul was one of the men who had deep hatred for Christianity. He was an army general and had immense hatred for Christians. He travelled across cities of the world persecuting and killing all the Christians he came across. One day he was on his way to massacre Christians in Damascus when the Lord appeared to him in a flashing light and thunderous voice. The Lord spoke to him and asked him why he was persecuting His people. The brigh t light form of the Lord blinded him for three days where he ate or drank nothing. The Lord gave a dream to Ananias who went to pray for Saul. Saul proceeded to Damascus where he accepted salvation and became a follower of Christ. The scales on his eyes came off and he regained his sight. Saul changed his name to Paul from this day on. He became one of the biggest followers of Christianity, travelled everywhere to preach the gospel and endured all manner of persecution for the sake of the Lord. In fact, he wrote the largest number of books in the bible, i.e. the Pauline Epistles. Based on the principles and tools for interpreting the Bible given in Unit 3 (historical context, literary context, genre, etc.) and the discussion of Paulââ¬â¢s letters in the book and in Unit 9, explain how you Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-16610886564900558762020-01-25T02:50:00.001-08:002020-01-25T02:50:03.167-08:00Production History of Hamlet Essay -- essays research papersProduction Historyââ¬âHamlet William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Hamlet is one of the most produced plays of all time. Written during the height of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s fameââ¬â1600ââ¬âHamlet has been read, produced, and researched by more individuals now than during Shakespeareââ¬â¢s own lifetime. It is has very few stage directions, because Shakespeare served as the director, even though no such official position existed at the time. Throughout its over 400 years of production history, Hamlet has seen several changes. Several textual cuts have been made, in addition to the liberties taken through each production. In recent years, Hamlet has seen character changes, plot changes, gender role reversals, alternate endings, time period shifts, and thematic alternations, to name only a few creative liberties modern productions of Hamlet have taken. The story is brilliant. A brooding young prince, scorned by those he loves, betrayed by his Uncle, and yet ââ¬Å"too much in the Sunâ⬠to accept defeat. Revenge, sexual tension, bloodshed, and tearsââ¬âHamlet has it all. Hamlet is a relatable character to an audience on a multitude of levels. Whether one is coming into their own, accepting major changes in their lives, feeling betrayed by loved ones, or merely experiencing a loverââ¬â¢s quarrel, they can certainly relate to Hamlet. Above all, Hamlet exudes the one element inherent to all human beingsââ¬âa strong sense of pride, perhaps excessively so. Hamlet begins on a dark night in Denmarkââ¬â¢s Elsinore Castle. The ghost of recently deceased king, Hamletââ¬â¢s father, is discovered by a pair of watchmen, followed by Horatio, and eventually Hamlet. The ghost informs Hamlet that he has been wronged by his brother Claudius, who coveting the throne, and after successfully plotting and murdering... ..., Kean made no such revolutionary changes. He is credited with being the first to break from the psychological consistency the Hamlet character always seems to have. Keanââ¬â¢s Hamlet reacted calmly, with affection and eagerness upon seeing his fatherââ¬â¢s ghost. Also, Kean is the first to depict Hamlet as treating Ophelia lovingly, rather than somewhat brutally. Ophelia was portrayed as a significant character in this production, which was a first. In later productions, Opheliaââ¬â¢s character gains incredibly prominence, as womenââ¬â¢s rights progress. In the early 1900s, Hamlet was ââ¬Å"rediscovered.â⬠A resurgence of productions came about, and with the creation of a modern director now in place, several alternations were made. Hamlet was converted into movies, opera, condensed plays, parodies, and even later offshoots were created, such as Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-18220127022299061132020-01-16T23:14:00.001-08:002020-01-16T23:14:06.257-08:00Ms-05 Solved Assignment 2013To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in MS-05 SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2013 Presented by http://www. myignou. in/ Course Code Course Title Assignment Code Coverage : : : : MS ââ¬â 5 Management of Machines and Materials MS-05/TMA/SEM-I/2013 All Blocks Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 30th April, 2013 to the coordinator of your study center. Question 1. The Role of Industrial Eng neeri g M ââ¬Å"Industrial Eng ne ring is co cerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems f men, materials and equipment.It draws upon specialized know dg and skills i math matical, physical and social sciences together with the principle and me hods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. â⬠It can therefore be seen that industrial engineers are designers of management systems and industrial engineering approach integrates various approaches such as op erations research, systems analysis, behavioral science etc. towards the integrated design of organizations.In this book many industrial engineering techniques will be used in various units which help us in better management of production systems. Operations Management ââ¬â An Overview The Role of Models yI Indian Institution of Indus ial En ineering (IIIE) has adopted the following definition of Industrial Engineering: G Methods and techniques of scientific managemen hav tremendous role to play in helping us to make rational and logical decisions the context of production and operations management.Through scientifi m h ds to ls and techniques of industrial engineering and operations research along with behavioral science we can look at all facets of the problems and evaluate the onsequ nces of our actions before arriving at a decision. These techniques thu reinforce the s bjective or intuitive judgment and contribute to better management N O The scientific method for Operations management is growing pop arity because it allows for organizational decisionsââ¬âwhether by b siness or governmentââ¬âto be formulated under more rigorous considerations. U Discuss the role of Scientific methods in Operations Manageme t. To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in Models are representation of systems with a view to explain certain aspects of system's behaviour. Generally a mathematical model is preferred in decision-making because it tries to explain system's objectives and function in terms of decision variables subject to our control as well as non-controllable parameters due to environment or resource constraints etc. Thus a simplified form of a model is: E = f (xj, yi) Where E =Measure of effectiveness or objective function xj =Controllable (decision), variable, j = 1 â⬠¦ yj =Non-controllable parameter, i =1 â⬠¦ m Thus a model provides us a cause-effect relationship so that we can evaluate ur alternative courses of action on the basis of our objectives and choose an optim l (best under the circumstances) strategy to maximise our effectivene s Thus mod s provide a valuable tool to compare our options and thus improve the q lity of decisions and provide us a better insight into our decision rocess Howe r it must be noted that models are a means to achieve an end (bet r decisions) nd not an end in itself.We must choose a simple, valid and logical mo el of the dec ion situation. A large number of model based techniques have b en de loped in th subject called `Operations Research' (OR) which help in mathemat al con eptual sation of many decision-making problems relevant to production/opera ions management. Some very versatile and powerful techniques like linea prog ming queuing theory and simulation have been applied extensively to st dy various problem areas in production management. Some of these will be d cribed, though briefly, in appropriate units in this book.The Role of Computers M In a large sized problem, a computer becomes a very efficient tool in problem solving and evaluation of alternati es. A b g size linear programming or simulation problem can be efficiently solved on omputers. Due to fast developments in computering facilities and a plication oftware, many OR models can he implemented via computers. Compu rs also ha e tremendous role in management information systems to provide us ful, relev nt and timely information for planning, monitoring and co tro f production systems-thus providing decision support through informati n.The Role of B havioural Science Since people are integral part of our production system, understanding of human behaviour is very important so that managers can evaluate the consequences of their actions on human relations, morale, motivation and productivity. Supervisor's relationship with his subordinates, organisation structure, individual and group behaviour, work habits and attitude, incentives, participation in decision-making, performance appraisal sy stems have impact on worker morale and motivation. Behavioural science provides us some insight on these aspects and therefore has a role to play in production and operations management. I G N O U 2 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in =============================================================== Question 2. Explain the product selection and stages involved therein. Product selection is an ongoing process in any organisation. In fact, as the environment changes, as new technology is developed and as new tastes are formed, the product should benefit from these developments; otherwise what is perceived to have added value today may not be perceived as such tomorrow. For example, jute has been in use as a packing medium for a long time.However, with changes in technology and consumer taste, the same product is no more perceived to ave added value and therefore, its demand has reduced. M Produ ibi ity The product election process is a highly integrative process. Thus product function, cost, quality and reliability are some of the inputs to this decision. The producibility of a product/service measures the ease and the speed with which the output can be produced. The specialised equipment, specialised skills and specialised toolings, facilitate in switching production from one product to another etc. nd are thus important ââ¬Ë factors to assess producibility. It is also important to look at the complete range of products produced because a new product may either use the capacity of processes/sub-processes already established or may require the establishment of capacity of some processes/sub-processes. A family of-similar products is much yI Product selection is a strategic dec ion, thereby involves other functional areas like marketing, research and dev lopment and as well also the top management therein.The operation managem nt function provides vital inputs regarding the production of the product o se vice in the e decisions making. G Produc t selection is a strategic decision for any organisati n. Such decisi s a long term decisions and the organisation commits itself to the product/pro ucts selected for a long time to come. What products to produce-in w at form and w th what features-is very important because many other de sions- or example he technology used, the capacity of the productive system, the locat n of production facilities, the organisation of the production function the planning and control systems, etc. re dependent on this. The competitiveness and rofi bility o a firm depend in part on the design and quality of the products and serv es that it produces, and on the cost of production. The design of a product or service may make it expensive to produce and a change in design may make it possible to duce he same in a less expensive way. Similarly, one design of a produ or serv ce m y require large and expensive additions to capacity of some pro ess whereas a change in design may make it possible to produce the same with e isting c pacity. N O U A Strategic Decision M yI G N O U To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in The output ideas thus generated are then screened where their match with corporate objectives and policies is studied and their market viability is established. A detailed economic analysis is then performed to determine the probable profitability of the product or service. For non-profit organisations, this takes the form of a cost-benefit analysis. This is followed by development of the product or service from a concept to a tangible entity and finally by design and testing.No Smooth Sequence Although Figure I depicts product selection as a sequential process where one stage follows another, in reality, the process may not be so smooth as shown. Thus, economic analysis may have to be done after output development if reliab e cost estimates are not available at the earlier stage. Similarly, new product featur may be added at any of the above stages, thereb y initiating a whole new cycle. Final y as product selection is an ongoing process, there is no finality to the pr cess since as some new product ideas are being processed, still new ideas enter the utput sele tion process and this may go on and on.The product selection rocess herefo en ures a continuous match between what is demanded and what i produced. In some cases, the production process has also to be des gned along w h the product or service. This has to be done, for example, when the m ket viabilit of the product depends on low cost and so the production process h s to be decid d along with the product design. Or take the case of another product whe e it is felt imperative to obtain a large market share right from the in ial l h It may become necessary to establish a large capacity for the production pr cess right from the beginning.The production process has to be design d along with he product in such a case. The previous section highlig ted th fact th an output possibilit y has to cross several hurdles before it enters e market as a commercial product or service. The new idea mortality curve p esents e same in a graphical manner. Figure II shows the mortality curve for a hypothetical group of fifty chemical product-ideas. Although the p duct id s ar hypothetical, still the stage-wise mortality as well as the time frame sho n is quite i dicative.Figure II assumes that after three years of research fifty po enti chemica product-ideas are available for consideration. Initial scre ning r duces this number to about half and after economic analysis, by the end of year f ur the number of potential products decreases to nine. The mortality of deas continues over time and by the end of five-and-a-half years, at the completion of he product and process development stages, the number has already fallen to about five.Design and testing reduces this further to about three and by the end of construction, market development and commercialisation, just about one suc cessful product is left.. Figure 11 is based on international experience, and situation in India has not been tested empirically. Thus, the mortality curve should be treated as an indicative proposition in the Indian context. M yI G New-Idea Mortality Curve N O U 5 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in M The curve also show that co verting product ideas into marketable products is a slow process.For chemical produc on an average it takes six years to commercialise a product after the ini al research has been completed, as is shown by Figure II. At the end of t all, a product ommerc ally launched may not turn out to be successful and the mortali y may exte d to the product as well. The actual figures in Figure â⬠¢II are only indicative and within an industry firm's differ in the speed at which they can convert a product idea into a commercial product. Some organisations are more innovative than others and they are always ahead with more new product ideas.Similarly , some organisations are more risk-taking than others and attach a high priority to being a pioneer with new products than others who are relatively risk-averse and would like to do a more thorough job of screening, economic analysis, product development, design and testing and would perhaps also wait-it-out to see how some others have fared with similar products. =============================================================== yI G 6 N O U To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in Question 3. Define Job Design. How has management viewed job design since the industrial revolution?JOB DESIGN is the process of putting together various elements to form a job, bearing in mind organizational and individual worker requirements, as well as considerations of health, safety, and ergonomics. The scientific management approach of Frederick Winslow Taylor viewed job design as purely mechanistic, but the later human relations movement rediscovered the importance of workers' relationsh ip to their work and stressed the importance of job satisfaction. Job design refers to the way that a set of tasks, or an entire job, is organized. Job design helps to determine.It takes into account all factors which affect the work, and organizes the content and tasks so that he whole job is less likely to be a risk to the employee. Job design involves administrative eas such as: job rotation, job enlargement, task/machine pacing, work breaks, and work ng hours. A well designed job will encourage a variety of ââ¬Ëgood' body posi ons, have re sonable strength requirements, require a reasonable amount of mental activ y and he p foster feelings of achievement and self-esteem. Job design refers to the way that a set of tasks, or an ent e job, is orga ized.Job design helps to determine: what tasks are done, how the tasks are done, how many tasks are done, and in what order the tasks are done. It takes into account all factors which affect e work and organizes the content and tasks s o that the whole job is less like to be a risk t the employee. Job design involves administrative areas such as: job rotation, job enlargement, task/machine pacing, work breaks, and working hours A well designed job ill encourage a variety of ââ¬Ëgood' body positions, have reasonable streng requirem nts, require a reasonable amount of mental activity, and help foster feelings of achie ement and self-esteem.In productio and operations, Job design follows the planning and designing of product, process, and equipment. Job design specifies the content of each job and determines how work is distributed within the organization. Management viewed job design since the industrial revolution in the approaches to Job Design USING SOCIO TECHNICAL SYSTEMS There are three important approaches to job design, viz. , Engineering approach, Human approach and The Job characteristic approach. Engineering Approach M yI G N O U To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in The most important s ingle element in the Engineering approaches, proposed by FW Taylor and others, was the task idea, ââ¬Å"The work of every workman is fully planned out by the management at least one day in advance and each man receives in most cases complete written instructions, describing in detail the task which he is to accomplish . . . This task specifies not only what is to be done but how it is to be done and the exact time allowed for doing it. The principles offered by scientific management to job design can be summarized thus: â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ Work should be scientifically studied. As advocated fragmentation and reutilization of work to reap the advantages of specialisation. Work should be arranged so that workers can be efficient. Employees selected for work should be matched to the demands of the job. Employees should be trained to perform the job. Monetary compensation should be used to reward succes ful performa ce of the job. Two types of facto viz. ) motivator s like achievements, recognition, work itself, responsibility, d anceme t a d growth and (ii) hygiene factors (which merely maintain the employee o th job and in the organization) like working conditions, organisational polici inter-personn l relations, pay and job security. The employee is dissatisfied with the job f maintenance factors to the required degree are not introduced into the job. But, the employee may ot be satisfied even if the required maintenance factors are provided. The employe will be satisfied with his job and he will be more productive if motivators are introduced into the job content.As such, he asserts that the job designer has to introduce hygienic factors adequately to reduce dissatisfaction and build motivating factors. Thus, THE emphasis is on the psychological needs of the employees in designing jobs. The Job Characteristics Approach M yI G The human relations approach r cognised the ed to design jobs in an interesting manner. In the past two decade much w rk has been directed to changing jobs so that job incumbents can satisfy th r needs for growth, recognition and responsibilility, enhancing need satisfactio through what is c lled job enrichment.One widely publicised approach to job enrichment ses w t is alled job characteristics model and this has been explained separately n the nsuing section. N Human Relations Approach O These principles to job design seem to be quite rational and appeal g bec e they point towards increased organisational performance. Specia isation and outinisation over a period of time result in job incumbents becoming exper rather quick y, leading to higher levels of output. Despite the assumed gains in fficien y, behavi ural scientists have found that some job incumbents dislike specialised and routin j bs. UThe Job Characteristics Theory states that employees will work hard when they are rewarded for the work they do and when the work gives them satisfaction. Hence, they suggest that motivation, satisfacti on and performance should be integrated in the job 8 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in design. According to this approach, any job can be described in terms of five core job dimensions which are defined as follows: (a) Skill variety: The degree to which the job requires that workers use a variety of different activities, talents and skills in order to successfully complete the job requirements. b) Task identity: The degree to which the job allows workers to complete whole tasks from start to finish, rather than disjointed portions of the job. (c) Task significance: The degree to which the job significantly impacts the lives of others both within and outside the workplace. (d) Autonomy: The degree to which the job allows workers freedom in planning and scheduling and the methods used to complete the job. (e) Feedback: The degree to which the job itself provides workers with lear, direct and understandable knowledge of their performance.M Question 4. ============== = =============================================== Discuss the va iation in the approach of planning and controlling of mass, batch and job shop production. Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of large amounts of standardized products on production lines. It was popularized by Henry Ford in the early 20th century, notably in his Ford Model T. yIJobs that are high on motivating potential m st be h gh at least in one of the three factors that lead to meaningful work an must b hig in both autonomy and feedback and vice versa. These three critical psyc ological sta s lead to the outcome such as (a) high internal work motivation, (b) high gr wth satisfaction, (c) high quality work performance, (d) high general job satisfaction, (e) high work effectiveness and (f) low absenteeism and turnover The odel says that internal rewards are obtained by an individual when he learns t at he personally has performed well on a task that he cares about.G N The core job dimensions can be combined int a sin le predicti e index called the Motivating Potential Score. Its computation is as foll ws: Motivating Skill variety + Task identity + Task signific nce potential = x Autonomy x Feedback score O U All of the job dimensions impact workers psychologically. The irst three dimensions affect whether or not workers view their job as meaningful Autonomy determines the extent of responsibility workers feel. Feedback allows for eelings f sati facti n for a job well done by providing knowledge of results. To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in Mass production typically uses moving tracks or conveyor belts to move partially complete products to workers to perform simple repetitive tasks. This permits very high rates of production. Mass production is capital intensive, as it uses a high proportion of machinery in relation to workers. With fewer labour costs and a faster rate of produ ction, capital is increased while expenditure is decreased.However the machinery that is needed to set up a mass production line is so expensive that there must be some assurance that the product is to be successful to attain profits. Machinery for mass production such as robots and machine presses have high installation costs as well. Thus, mass production is ideally suited to serve large, relatively homogeneous populations of consumers, whose demand would satisfy the long production runs required by this method of manufacturing. As such, it is not surprising that, given a number of other factors, mass producti n first became prevalent in the United States.One of the descriptions of mass production is that the craftsmansh is in the wo kbench itself, not the training of the worker; rather than having a skilled wo ker measu e every dimension of each part of the product against the plans r the o her pa ts as it is being formed, there are jigs and gauge blocks that are ready t hand to e sure that the part is made to fit this set-up. It has already been checked hat the finis ed part will be to specifications to fit all the other finished parts ââ¬â a d it w l be made quicker, with no time spent on finishing the parts to fit one another.This the sp cializ d capital required for mass production; each workbench is different and eac set of tools at each workbench limited to those necessary to make one p t. A ch of these parts is uniformly and consistently constructed, interchangeability o components is thus another hallmark of mass produced goods. Mass production systems are us ally organized into assembly lines. The assemblies pass by on a conveyor, or if they are h avy, hung fr m an overhead monorail. In a factory for a complex produc rather han one assembly line, there may be many auxiliary assembly lines feeding sub-assemblies (i. . car engines or seats) to a backbone ââ¬Å"mainâ⬠assembly line. A di gram of a typical mass-production factory looks more l ike the skeleton of a fish than a sing e line. Batch production i a manufa uring method used to produce or process any product in batches as opposed a conti uous production process, or a one-off production. The primary ch racter stic of batch production is that all components are completed at a workstati n befo e hey move to the next one. Batch production is popular in bakeries and in the manufacture of sports shoes, pharmaceutical ingredients, inks, paints and adhesives.In th manufacture of inks and paints, a technique called a colour-run is used. A colour-run is where one manufactures the lightest color first, such as light yellow followed by the next increasingly darker colour such as orange, then red and so on until reaching black and then starts over again. This minimizes the cleanup and reconfiguring of the machinery between each batch. White (by which is meant opaque paint, not transparent ink) is the only colour that cannot be used in a colour run due to the fact that a smal l amount of white pigment can adversely affect the medium colours.M yI G N O U 10 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in There are inefficiencies associated with batch production. The production equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced. Time between batches is known as ââ¬Ëdown time'. Batch production is useful for a factory that makes seasonal items or products for which it is difficult to forecast demand. Batch production has many ââ¬Å"prosâ⬠and ââ¬Å"consâ⬠but is effective and used worldwide, mainly by larger businesses on higher profit margins.There are several advantages of batch production; it can reduce initial capital outlay because a single production line can be used to produce several products. As shown in the example, batch production can be useful for small businesses who cann t afford to run continuous production lines. Also, companies can use batch production as a rial run. I f a retailer buys a batch of a product that does not sell then the producer an cease production without having to sustain huge losses. The term Job Shop Production (JSP) describes a m nufact ing e viro ment that produces piece goods in small batches.It is a common manufactu ing environment in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The inc ming orders often differ in the number of ordered products, their design, process charac ristics (for example, routeings, operation processing times, and set up times), or ur ency. Becau of this variation the control of the material flows in this type of compan s is extremely complex. It can hardly be predicted how the production o ers ill be vided across the machines in future periods. A high demand on machines nd varying production orders cause long waiting times of orders on the shop floor.The d rect consequence is that lead times are long and unreliable, whereas nowadays sho nd rel able delivery times are required. Most of the problems in j ob pro uction a ise fr m the variety of jobs arriving and demanding individual processing equences on the scarce facilities in the job shop. Owing to these factors the jo shop chara erized by the following typical problems: complicated and unsystematic material flow patterns large in-process inventorie large waiting times for jobs large completi n times f r jobs unpredictable p ob ms owing o the large variety of tasks M Question 5Discuss the various methods for stores accounting and verification systems. Stores Accounting Systems Stores accounting is important from the point of view of estimating the cost of the product for pricing decisions. The costing of material has to be done both for the materials consumed in the production and estimating the value of materials held in stock. For the purpose of costing the receipt of materials, the factors that should be included yI G N O U 11 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in are material price, freight charges, insurance, duties, taxes, packaging charges etc.The prices quoted and accepted in purchase order may often be stated in various ways such as net prices, prices with discount terms, free on board, cost, insurance, freight, etc. All these factors should be appropriately accounted while costing for the incoming materials. Another important accounting is to be done for the issue to production and of the stocks held at the end of accounting period. Let us discuss some of the important and frequently used system for this purpose: a) FIFO System: This system known as First in First Out System is based on the assumption that the oldest stock is depleted first.Therefore, at the time of issue the rate pertaining to that will be applied. There is no `profit' or `loss' in the p icing arrangements. The value of the stocks held on hand is the money that has be n paid for that amount of stock at latest price levels. In case of too many changes in pr e levels the FIFO System becomes unwieldy. Another limitat ions of is system is at it fails to provide a satisfactory answer to costing-returns from stores. ) LIFO System: This system known as `Last in First Out' System i based on the assumption that the most recent receipts are issued first As the lastest prices are charged in this system, it leads to lower reported p ofits i the periods of rising prices and this offers savings in taxes. In case of wide fluct tions pric s this system tends to immunise unrealised gains or losses in invento y It has almost the same limitations as that of FIFO System. c) Average Cost System: This is b sed on the as umption that issues to production department are equally made from different ipmen s in stock, i. . an average cost of shipment in stores is charged t stabili es th cost figures. The average is to be calculated by dividing the total co t with the n mber of items and is to be updated with every new purchase. d) Market Value System: This is lso known as replacement rate costing, in which the material s issued are char ed the prevailing market rates. This system underestimate e stock n h nd in the case of price increase, whereas it overestimates the s ck on han in the case of price decrease. This may in turn lead to writing off huge mo t to mak it realistic.Moreover, a continuous monitoring of the ma ket tes for all materials makes the system cumbersome. e) Standard Cost System: In this system a detailed analysis of market price and trends is carrie out to determine a standard rate for a fixed period, say six months or so. This standard rate is charged to materials issued during this period irrespective of the actual rate. After the period is over the standard rate is reviewed and updated. This system reflects the efficient use of materials as the fluctuation in rates is not considered in accounting. Moreover, it adds to clerical efficiency as the fresh rates are not to be obtained every time.However, similar to Market Value Approach, this also leads to underestimating or overest imating stocks on hand in case of rising and falling prices respectively. f) System of Costing the Closing Stock: The general guideline for this purpose is to M yI G N O U 12 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in use market price or stock at cost, whichever is less. : The cost of closing stock is governed mainly by price units, obsolescence and deterioration. In rare cases the stock may appreciate with time. Appropriate formulae to account for these factors should be developed keeping in view the past experience.Stock Verification Systems Some discrepancies between the actual and the book balances of inventories are bound to occur despite the diligent store keeping. The process of stock verification is carried out for following purposes: i) To reconcile the store records and documents for their accuracy and usefulness, ii) Identification of areas deserving tighter document control, iii) To back-up the balance sheet stock figures, and iv) To minimise the pilferage and fraudulent practices. Most companies keep an ââ¬Å"inventory short and overâ⬠account to abs b such discrepancies, which is eventually closed into the manufacturing overh ads account.Some of the systems of physical stock taking are as follow : a) Annual or Periodic Physical Verification: In this system the entir inventory is physically verified at the end of a period, usually t e accounting period. That is, normally at the end of fiscal year. Stocks are closed f r a fe days This may necessitate the shut down of production operations;. ââ¬Ë th activities such as repair and overhaul of equipment and machinery are r orte A s cial crew of store inspectors and stores verifying officers, usually from the material audit, physically check each item and compare the e tries on bin c rd and stores ledger.This leads to the formation of a list of surplus r short ite Dam ged and obsolete items are traced and recorded. This needs o develop a de ailed programme and schedule to complete th e verifications storew se and item ise. Top management's sanction can then be sought for writing off defici ncies o valuing surplus. As all the items are checked at ne time there can be no confusion about any item being left unchecked. b) Perpetual n entory nd Continuous Stock Taking System: In case of large firms dealing w th large num er of items the final inventory system may take a lot of time and it may no e possib e to shut down the whole plant.The perpetual invent ry system i a more appropriate method for large plants. In this method the stock ver ficatio is done continuously throughout the year. Different methods are adopted by ifferent firms for continuous verification. Some firms div de the whole inventory into fifty-two equal parts. Each part is verified every week. Some firms record store balances after every receipt and issue, and a number of items are counted daily or at frequent intervals and checked with the bin cards and stores ledger. Discrepancies found, if any, o wing to incorrect entries, breakage pilferage, over-issue, placing of items in wrong bins, etc. are investigated and corrected accordingly. The significant advantages of this system are as follows: i) The shut down of the plant is not necessary for stock checking/taking. ii) The method is less costly, less tiring, less cumbersome and hence is more accurate. iii) Discrepancies and defects in stores are readily detected and are not carried over M yI G N O U 13 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in throughout the year. This prevents damages and losses. iv) Slow moving stocks can be noted and proper action can be initiated in time. v) The stock items are kept within the limits. ) Low Point Inventory System: Some companies take the physical inventory, i. e. the stock level of stores is checked generally when it reaches its minimum level. Question 6. Write Short notes on: a) Work Sampling Work Sampling is a fact-finding tool. It is a measurement technique for quantit ive a nalysis, in terms of time, of the activity of operators, machines, or f any observ ble state or condition of operation. This tool is particularly useful when inf rmation urgently needed about men or machines, especially in the analysis f non-r p titive or irregularly occurring activity where no complete method and frequen y description is available.Work sampling can be used to study almost a y type of wor : repetitive and non-repetitive, factory or office, executive or supe visory, clerical or ngineering, handlers, salesmen, nurses and what have you. a) Some uses of Work Sampling Work Sampling provides a w y to: â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ M yI obtain information bout ei er certain long cycle work or nonrepetitive type of jobs for which it would be clearly impractical to use continuous observ i n methods i dicate if certa activit es should be studied in detail. elp sign the work load distribution in formulating a new work system. t u y any op ration for possible methods improvement. help e tablish job content as an aid to job evaluation and employment purposes. aid supervisors to organise their time. aid appraisal of shop effectiveness, efficiency, safety performance etc. provide feedback information about compliance to stated management policies. assist in establishing standards of performance. establish controls on labour, material or machine utilisation. G N Work sampling is a method of randomly obs rving k ting state or condition of the object being studied.From the proportions f observations in each category, inferences are drawn concerning th total work ac vity under study. It can be used for fact-finding, work measurem nt and m h ds analysis. O U The object of the observations maybe personnel, equipment or facilities which can be categorised as follows: 14 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in Typical categories applied to people are (a) Working (b) Being idle (c) Being out of area (d) W alking (e) Handling material (f) Inspecting (g) Changing tools (h) Cleaning up (i) Handling clerical tasks (j) Talking.Typical categories applied to machines/equipmentââ¬â¢s are: At work (b) Idle-no operator (c) Idle-no stock (d) Idle-being serviced (e) Idle interference. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âb) Acceptance Sampling Acceptance sampling uses statistical sampling to determine whether to acc pt or reject a production lot of material. It has been a common quality control techniq used in industry and particularly the military for contracts and procuremen It is usually done as products leave the factory, or in some cases even within the fac ry.Mos often a producer supplies a consumer a number of items and deci on to a cept o reje t the lot is made by determining the number of defective items in a sample from the lot. The lot is accepted if the number of defects falls below where th acceptance n mber or otherwise the lot is rejected. One of the powerful statistical techniques of quality ontrol is Acceptance Sampling. This technique is generally used in those si atio where items are inspected in batches, generally known as lots.The acceptability w l depend on the acceptable quality of the lot, which in turn depends on the u e and the pric you are willing to pay for this quality. Acceptance is based on the infe ence mad from th sample and hence the technique is known as Acceptance Sampling Typically a lo is specified by its size and the fraction of defectives that are expected to e present ( t the most) in the lot. The principles of statistics are used in the infe nce p cess One of the powerful statist al tech iques of quality control is Acceptance Sampling.This technique is generally sed in those situations wher e items are inspected in batches, gener l y know as l ts. For example, you may receive a shipment of 10,000 electric bulbs and y u may ha to decide whether to accept the shipment or return it back to the suppl er. T e accept bility will depend on the acceptable quality of the lot, wh ch turn depends on the use and the price you are willing to pay for this quality. S ppose you decide to accept if the average fraction defective is less than 5 per cent. Th n to ascertain the actual quality you may decide to inspect each acid every bulb.Su h a strategy of. 100 per cent inspection, however, may often be expensive and impractical. In such cases a more intelligent way is to use the concept of Sampling Inspection. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-c) Value Engineering & Analysis Value Engineering or value analysis is a systematic method to improve the ââ¬Å"Valueâ⬠of goods and services by using an examination of FUNCTION. Value, as defined, is the M yI G N O U 15 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in ratio of Function to Cost.Value can therefore be increased by either improving the Function or reducing the cost. It is a primary tenet of Value Engineering that quality not be reduced as a consequence of pursuing Value improvements. Value Engineering is sometimes taught within the industrial engineering body of knowledge as a technique in which the value of a systemââ¬â¢s outputs is optimized by crafting a mix of performance (Function) and costs. In most cases this practice identifies and removes unnecessary expenditures, thereby increasing the value for the manufacturer and/or their customers.Value Engineering uses intuitive logic (a unique ââ¬Å"howâ⬠ââ¬â ââ¬Å"whyâ⬠questioning technique) an d the analysis of Function to identify relationships that increase Value. It is considered a quantitative method similar to the Scientific Method, which focuses n Hypothesis Conclusion to test relationships, and Operations Research, which uses mod l building to identify predictive relationships. A viable Value Engineering Program is predicated upon an adequa return on investment, typically 1% of total obligated authority for DLA activitie Benefits include: Reduced acquisition costs. Reduced life cycle costs.Reduced total ownership costs. Standardization, simplification or el BEST VALUE! Planning M yI At the Planning stage of developm nt, there are additional benefits to be derived from a Value Engineering Workshop. An independent team can: Review he rogram Perform a fun ional ana ysis of the facility Ob in the wner users definition of value D fine th k y criteria and objectives for the project Veri y/validate the proposed program Review master plan utility options (e. g. Central Uti lity Plant versus individual systems) Offer alternative solutions (square footage needs per function, adjacency solutions, etc. Verify if the budget is adequate for the developed program G VE can be applied at any point in a project can b used in a tractor manufacturing firm also. The main stages of a projec and VE s app cation are described below. N O ina U of o rations or materials. Design This is the stage that most VE participants are used to becoming involved, when the design has at least made it to the schematic stage. The primary tool available to the VE 16 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in team is the Workshopââ¬âtypically a 40-hour session (or less for smaller or less complex projects).The Workshop is an opportunity to bring the design team and client together to review the proposed design solutions, the cost estimate, and proposed implementation schedule and approach, with a view to implementing the best value for the money. The definition of what i s good value on any particular project will change from client to client and project to project. Methodology and Approach During the actual Workshop portion of the VE study, the five-step Job Pl Information Phase Speculation (Creative) Phase Evaluation (Analysis) Phase Development Phase (Value Management Proposal Presentation Phase (Report/Oral Presentation) Construction s followed: Examples of M Russian liquid-fu l ro ket moto s are intentionally designed to permit ugly (though leakfree) w ldi g Thi reduces costs by eliminating grinding and finishing operations that do not help e mot r function better. Some Japanese disc brakes have parts tolerances to three millimeters, an easy-to-meet precision. When combined with crude statistical process controls, this assures that less than one in a million parts will fail to fit. ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬ââ⬠âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â-d. Waste Management. yI lue Engineering During this phase value engineering is still possible thr ugh the use of Value Engineering Change Proposals (VECP). Contractors can be p ided onetary incentives to propose solutions that offer enhanced value to the owner, and share in the financial benefits realized. Clearly the owner must c nsider contra tor-generated proposals very carefully, from a life-cycle perspective and a liability p rspect ve.The A/E team must be brought in to the decision-making proces to agr e to he proposed change as not having any negative impact on the overall de ign and buil ing function. The evaluation of a VECP is treated similarly to any cha ge ord r during construction, with issues such as schedule and productivity impacts bei g considered along with the perceived cost savings generated. G N O U 17 To download more solved assignments visit myignou. in M Disposing of waste in a landfill i volves burying waste to dispose of it, and this remains a common practice in most countr s.Histo ically, landfills were often established in disused quarries, mining void or borrow pits. A properly-designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygieni and elatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials. Older, poorly-de igned or poorly-managed landfills can create a number of adverse envir menta impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation of iq d leacha Another common byproduct of landfills is gas (mostly composed of methan and carbon dioxide), which is produced as organic waste breaks down n robical y.Th gas an create odor problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a greenho se gas =======================xxx======xxxx============================ yI G N Waste management practices differ for developed and d veloping na ions, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial, produ ers. M nagem nt f or non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in metropolitan are s is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while man t for n n-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibil y of the g nerator.Waste management methods for vary widely between are s for many reasons, including type of waste material, nearby land uses, and th area avail ble. O U Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human acti ty, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, aesthet s or amenity Waste management is also carried out to reduce the materials' effect on the nvironme t and to recover resources from them. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-5588963930475373392020-01-08T19:35:00.001-08:002020-01-08T19:35:03.512-08:00Bilbo Baggins as a Hero - 916 Words Bilbo Baggins as a Hero What is this character we call a ââ¬Å"heroâ⬠? A hero is being of abundant power, defiance, and intrepidity that conquer evil despite of impregnable obstacle to rescue the breath of inculpable lives that cannot defend for themselves. However, ââ¬Å"heroâ⬠gives an exclusively altered significance in J.R.R Tolkienââ¬â¢s fictional tale The Hobbit, as our hero is a selfish, lazy hobbit named Bilbo Baggins. Conflicting to our meaning of a hero, Mr. Bagginsââ¬â¢ life and stability isnââ¬â¢t evaluated aside the authority of his weapon, or the expanse of enemies he has overcome. Instead, his capability and bravery is built on his hidden sneaks, courage and bravery, and his trustworthiness to his acquaintances. Mr. Bagginsââ¬â¢ hidden sneaks and quick thinking is one of his qualities in his transformation. Arranged in the story, Bilbo challenges a creepy, glutinous being called Gollum whose purpose was to demolish him. In intention to carry out time, Bilbo played a riddle game with the creature, approving if Bilbo held the victory, Gollum will companion him outside. Nonetheless, if Gollum held the victory, Bilboââ¬â¢s significance is enclosed as Gollumââ¬â¢s next meal. After discontinuous uncountable riddles, its Bilboââ¬â¢s saying that dominated. Challenging ââ¬Å"What have I got in my pockets?â⬠(Tolkien 78). This left Gollum speechless making him to discharge Bilbo. Similar to Bilboââ¬â¢s encounter with Gollum is his hostility with Smaug. Unexpected to Bilboââ¬â¢s agreement with Gollum is with Smaug. Yet,Show MoreRelatedBilbo Baggins; Zero to Hero1313 Words à |à 6 PagesHow does one define a ââ¬Å"hero?â⬠By classic definition, a hero is a man of great st rength, valor and swordsmanship who fights evil even in the face of insurmountable odds to defend the lives of the innocent and those that canââ¬â¢t protect themselves. Indeed it is these very attributes which separate heroes from the common man. However, the word ââ¬Å"heroâ⬠takes an entirely different connotation in J.R.R. Tolkienââ¬â¢s epic tale The Hobbit, in which the hero of the story is a furry-footed, complacent, hole dwellingRead More Bilbo Baggins, a True Hero Essay1848 Words à |à 8 PagesBilbo Baggins, a True Hero ââ¬Å"I wish I could be a hero!â⬠Many adults in todayââ¬â¢s society hear small children wishing they could become heroes. Children wish to be more like heroes for the reason that heroes are the type of people who risk their lives to help others. Throughout history, children have had a positive connotation with the word ââ¬Å"hero.â⬠The heroes many small children talk about are the fictional ones who protect cities from villains: Superman, Batman, Spiderman, and others. HoweverRead MoreBilbo Baggins, An Unlikely Hero1466 Words à |à 6 PagesBilbo Baggins, An Unlikely Hero ââ¬Å"Heroes are made by the path they choose, not the powers they are graced withâ⬠(Ashton, 92). Specific characteristics come to mind when one envisions are hero, such as extraordinary strength and great courage. Heroes most commonly receive recognition for notable talents and remembered for their astonishing deeds and accomplishments. For example, Superman possesses superhuman strength, speed, and the ability to fly, qualities most frequently associated with heroesRead MoreBilbo Baggins: an Unexpected Hero984 Words à |à 4 PagesBilbo Baggins; An Unexpected Hero Bilbo Baggins, an unadventureous hobbit, is not an iconic symbol of bravery, but he remains a literary hero for his bravery, perseverence and integrity. Only a hero could riddle a dragon, slaughter a spider, and yet spare the life of a small, ugly creature who has threatened to eat him. Such is the legacy of Bilbo Baggins, a mere hobbit, whose Tookish blood got the better of him. Often, when heros are mentioned, Hercules is a name that is thought of; Alas,Read MoreBilbo Baggins: A True Hero?1410 Words à |à 6 Pagesï » ¿Preston English 1301 12 November 2012 Bilbo: A True Hero? What is a hero? Is it someone who possesses great strength and bravery, or is it someone who attains fame and wealth? In the world of Middle Earth that J.R.R Tolkien has created, Bilbo Baggins shows us that a hero can be quite the opposite. He is offered (and partially set up by Gandalf the wizard) to partake in an adventure as a burglar to help reclaim the bearded Dwarvesââ¬â¢ homeland from the dragon Smaug. The little hobbit is frightenedRead MoreHow Bilbo Baggins Is a Hero in the Hobbit1167 Words à |à 5 PagesOutline I. Bilbo Baggins is one of the heroes of the quest. II. Bilbo fulfills many of the characteristics of a hero. A. Definition of a hero. B. His powers. III. Bilbo wasnââ¬â¢t the only hero of the adventure. C. The others heroes D. Characteristics that made them heroes E. Actions that made them heroes IV. Heroic actions that Bilbo made F. Their purpose G. Their consequences V. Conclusion Read MoreHow Bilbo Baggins Is a Hero in the Hobbit1173 Words à |à 5 PagesOutline I. Bilbo Baggins is one of the heroes of the quest. II. Bilbo fulfills many of the characteristics of a hero. A. Definition of a hero. B. His powers. III. Bilbo wasnà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢t the only hero of the adventure. C. The others heroes D. Characteristics that made them heroes E. Actions that made them heroes IV. Heroic actions that Bilbo made F. Their purpose G. Their consequences V. Conclusion Read MoreHobbit Essay; Bilbo Baggins, a Hero679 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Hobbit Essay Many science fiction fantasy novels have a hero or heroine. In J.R.R Tolkienââ¬â¢s novel the hobbit Bilbo Baggins is a hero, Even though he finds a ring of invisibility that allows him to preform surprising feats. Some of his acts of heroism are when Bilbo make his first attempt at burglary when he steals from the trolls, when he creates a plan to free his friends from the ElvenKing and follows it through and when he goes down to visit Smaug for the first time to fulfill a promise.Read MoreA Hero Emerges in J.R.R. Tolkienââ¬â¢s The Hobbit: Bilbo Baggins Essay1638 Words à |à 7 Pagesis a hero in every story. This is the story of a small man who ends up on a journey and returns changed.. The protagonist of the story, Bilbo Baggins, undergoes a transformation that turns him into the unlikely hero of this story. Undergoing the process of becoming a hero, Bilbo emerges as a hero, more confident and competent than ever before. With each trial and tribulation, Bilbo develops more and more into the hero he becomes, but without losing sight of his true self. The process Bilbo goesRead MoreSummary Of Bilbo The Unexpected Hero 1339 Words à |à 6 PagesJessica Crumm Crumm2 Mrs Hooper Period 8 April 16th, 2015 Bilbo, the Unexpected Hero J.R.R. Tolkien is best knowing for his work in the series ââ¬Å"Lord of the Ringsâ⬠, which is held to be one of the best told modern day folklore. It consists of a world inhabited by mythical and supernatural beings. In his book ââ¬Å"The Hobbitâ⬠, which is also taken place in this world, we meet our unlikely hero Bilbo Baggins. Hobbits are known not to be very adventurous. They live in comfort and do what Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-30104598868683035952019-12-31T16:00:00.001-08:002019-12-31T16:00:04.701-08:00Universal Basic Income - Definition and History Universal basic income is a controversial proposal under which the government provides regular, permanent cash payments to each citizen with the intent of lifting everyone out of poverty, encouraging their participation in the economy and covering the costs of their most fundamental needs including food, housing and clothing. Everyone, in other words, gets a paycheck - whether they work or not. The idea of setting a universal basic income has been around for centuries but remains largely experimental. Canada, Germany, Switzerland and Finland have launched trials of universal basic income variations. It gained some momentum among some economists, sociologists and tech industry leaders with the advent of technology that allowed factories and businesses to automate the manufacturing of goods and to reduce the size of their human workforces. How the Universal Basic Income Works There are many variations of the universal basic income. The most basic of these proposals would merely replace Social Security, unemployment compensation and public-assistance programs with a basic income for every citizen. The U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network supports such a plan, stating that the system of trying to force Americans into the workforce as a way of eliminating poverty has not proven successful. Some estimates show that approximately 10 percent of people who work full time all year around live in poverty. Hard work and a booming economy have not comes close to eliminating poverty. A universal program like the basic income guarantee could eliminate poverty, the group states. Its plan would provide aà level of income necessary to meet their most basic needs to every American, regardless of whether they worked, in a system is describes as an efficient, effective, and equitable solution to poverty that promotes individual freedom and leaves the beneficial aspects of a market economy in place. A more complicated version of the universal basic income would provide about the same monthly payment to every American adult, but it would also require that about a quarter of the money be spent on health care insurance. It would also impose graduated taxes on the universal basic income for any other earnings over $30,000. The program would be paid for by eliminating public-assistance programs and entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare.à Cost of Providing a Universal Basic Income One universal basic income proposal would provide $1,000 a month to all 234 million adults in the United States. A household with two adults and two children, for example, would receive $24,000 a year, barely hitting the poverty line. Such a program would cost the federal government $2.7 trillion a year, according to economist Andy Stern, who writes about the universal basic income in a 2016 book, Raising the Floor. Stern has said the program could be funded by eliminating about $1 trillion in antipoverty programs and reducing spending on defense, among other methods. Why Universal Basic Income Is a Good Idea Charles Murray, a scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and the author of In Our Hands: A Plan to Replace the Welfare State,â⬠has written that a universal basic income is the best way to maintain a civil society amid what he described as a coming labor market unlike any in human history. It will need to be possible, within a few decades, for a life well lived in the U.S. not to involve a job as traditionally defined. ... The good news is that a well-designed UBI can do much more than help us to cope with disaster. It also could provide an invaluable benefit: injecting new resources and new energy into an American civic culture that has historically been one of our greatest assets but that has deteriorated alarmingly in recent decades. Why Universal Basic Income Is a Bad Idea Critics of a universal basic income say that it creates a disincentive for people to work and it rewards non-productive activities. States the Mises Institution, named for the Austrian economic Ludwig von Mises: The struggling entrepreneurs and artists ... are struggling for a reason. For whatever reason, the market has deemed the goods they are providing to be insufficiently valuable. Their work simply isnââ¬â¢t productive according to those who would potentially consume the goods or services in question. In a functioningà marketplace, producers of goods the consumers dont wantà would quickly have to abandon such endeavors and focus their efforts into productive areas of the economy. The universal basic income, however, allows them to continue their less-valuedà endeavorsà with the money of those who have actually produced value, which gets to the ultimate problem of all government welfare programs. Critics also describe the universal basic income as a wealth-distribution scheme that punishes those who work harder and earn more by directing more of their earnings to the program. Those who earn the least benefit the most, creating the disincentive to work, they believe. History of Universal Basic Income The humanist philosopher Thomas More, writing in his seminal 1516 workà Utopia, argued for a universal basic income. The Nobel Prize winning activistà Bertrand Russellà proposed in 1918 that a universal basic income, sufficient for necessities, should be secured for all, whether they work or not, and that a larger income should be given to those who are willing to engage in some work which the community recognizes as useful. On this basis we may build further. Bertrands view was that providing the basic needs of every citizen would free them up to work on more important societal goals and live more harmoniously with their fellow man. After World War II, economist Milton Friedmanà floated the idea of a guaranteed income. Friedman wrote: We should replace the ragbag of specific welfare programs with a single comprehensive program of income supplements in cash ââ¬â a negative income tax. It would provide an assured minimum to all persons in need, regardless of the reasons for their needâ⬠¦A negative income tax provides comprehensive reform which would do more efficiently and humanely what our present welfare system does so inefficiently and inhumanely. In the modern era, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg has forward the idea, telling Harvard University graduates that we should explore ideas like universal basic income to make sure that everyone has a cushion to try new ideas. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-16143069693452223072019-12-23T11:47:00.001-08:002019-12-23T11:47:03.588-08:00Guests of the Nation, a Review of Conflicts Essay - 542 Words Guests of the Nation, a short story by Frank OConnor takes place in 1921 during Irelands fight for independence from British rule. Set in a small cottage in the countryside of Ireland, the story tells of two Englishmen who are prisoners and are being watched over by three Irishmen. The story tells of the relationship that develops between the captives and their captors and explores the conflict that arises when the soldiers are called to duty. The story consisted of seven main characters, each adding depth to the story and contributing to the development of the plot. Two of the seven characters where the Englishmen Hawkins and Belcher. Hawkins was a little Englishman with a deplorable tongue who never did a stroke ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Noble and Bonaparte were the young soldiers who were guarding the Englishmen. Both befriended the Englishmen as they played cards with each other and even argued about politics and religion. Jeremiah Donavan, on the other hand, did not have such a rapport with the prisoners. Though he supervised the card games and even yelled at the Englishman Hawkins as if he were one if his own soldiers, he kept his distance and was thus not as close as Noble and Bonaparte were. The plot of the story unfolded as Jeremiah Donavan revealed that the prisoners were actually hostages and that there was a possibility that they would have to execute the Englishmen. As the story continued to unfold, the possibility became reality when Feeney the intelligence officer revealed that the prisoners were ordered to be executed. It is in this pivotal moment that the conflict of the story arises and that the soldiers are faced with a conflict that in turn, proves to be deeply complex in that it is both internal and external. While externally the soldiers had to deal with the act of actually shooting the prisoners (more simply killing a man), internally Bonaparte and Noble dealt with the internal conflict of having to kill a friend. As Hawkins pleaded the case of friends shooting friends, we were forced as readers to also question the call of duty to a cause versus the call ofShow MoreRelatedChina on Diplomatic Protection Essay examples577 Words à |à 3 Pagesof an international agreement a nation may have the right to represent another nation and act for the benefit of its citizens. Essentially states make claims against other bodies for compensation and remedy in the event that they have suffered by injury of denial or justice in the other body on the basis of the nationality of a person. The process of protection begins with the individual filing a grievance with their state of nationality. Then the state reviews the grievance and reaches a verdictRead MoreThe Greatest Test For Policymakers1308 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe danger to the economic system. Certainly, attempts to stop the cash based inflow of immigrants really decline the security issue by driving some low-paid, voyaging laborers underground, thusly promising the way of life of unlawfulness. Putting a guest workers program into place could possibly secure our borders from illegals more than they are now. The way this would work is; we would construct a program allowing illegals to work in the U.S., while still living in their lawfully designated homelandRead MorePierre de Coubertin and The Modern Olympic Movement Essay1270 Words à |à 6 Pagesof French nobility. (MacAloon 8) Coubertin was raised during an era of French conflict and transition; the Franco-Prussian War, government instability during the time of the Paris Commune and then move to the French Third Republic, as well as the Dreyfus affair, left the French nation in turmoil during his youth. Inevitably, Coubertinââ¬â¢s character and beliefs were greatly influenced by his experience in this era of conflict as well as his lineage. In 1883, Coubertin went to study to study physicalRead MoreDigital Technologies are Powerful Tools for Education657 Words à |à 3 PagesWorldwide Struggle for Internet Freedom by Rebecca MacKinnon, she said ââ¬Å"Liberate a society by giving them the Internet.â⬠This public awareness campaign will create a Global Village where students are able to connect with people around the world. A guest speaker from a college campus in America would be able to give a lecture to students in Zimbabwe, giving them first hand knowledge, accounts and information. We have to use digital technology to maximize the good it can do in the world. UnfortunatelyRead MoreDemocratic Peace Theory1319 Words à |à 6 Pagesterm(s) in office to establish a good relationship with foreign countries and even try to improve upon existing connections with our allies. Some believe it is to prevent conflicts between the countries while others dispute that it is a threat assessment by the United States to pick and choose their friends and enemies. Preventing conflict between two democracies or countries that practice democracy is called Democratic Peace Theory. However, research has begun to show that Democratic Peace Theory is ineffectiveRead MoreCultural Immersion Project Essay1719 Words à |à 7 Pageshead. Oh, I forgot to mention, I had to take off my shoes and leave them before I entered into the place of prayer. I guess you can call it a sanctuary. One thing I found odd was the men and women do not pray in the same place together. Since I was a guest of my student and actually a participant of the prayer time, the wudo, which is a ri tual of purification, was not necessary. My student prepared me for the experience very well. 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The International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTFY), whichRead MorePresident Obamas Diplomatic Approach Towards Foreign Policy Essay970 Words à |à 4 PagesOverwhelmed by numerous armed conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, a formidable domestic economic crisis, and a growing challenge of primacy from China, the United States government and public began prioritizing domestic issues. However, persisting transnational concerns, especially illicit drug trafficking, nuclear weapons proliferation, and the threat of terrorism, largely depend on U.S. involvement based on our relatively successful pas t efforts and President Barack Obamaââ¬â¢s promising diplomaticRead MoreHow A Website Maintained By The University Of Indiana960 Words à |à 4 Pagescampus bus service. The BTS connected the uptown campus with Cincinnati entertainment areas and neighborhoods. To catch the BTS service, students had to show their university card with a photo identity for free ride and had an option to travel with a guest. The BTS service did not operate in college break periods, the UC official holidays, and hazardous condition. The CTS had several shuttles and some operated at interval of 10 minutes and some operated at interval of 20 minutes. The ââ¬ËDoubleMapââ¬â¢ applicationRead MoreLeadership Analysis : President Bill Clinton1189 Words à |à 5 PagesLeadership Analysis Review For this Leadership Analysis, I chose former President Bill Clinton. Bill Clinton was born in Hope, AR on August 19, 1946. At an early age Bill had an experience that changed his life on July 24, 1963, a young Bill Clinton met President John F. Kennedy while attending Boys Nation. This meeting inspired the future president to pursue a life in public service. Bill Clinton was a President that did not allow anyone to tell him something could not be done. If this President Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-34287555428903739692019-12-15T08:17:00.001-08:002019-12-15T08:17:02.444-08:00Agricultural_Development Free Essays Before the start of the 20th century, the overwhelming majority of increases in agricultural production were the result of an increase in the amount of cultivated areas. However, the start of the 21st century has come to demand that nearly all increases in agricultural production result from the increased productivity of existing cultivated areas, thereby leaving an extremely window of time for countries to make the dramatic shift from a system of production that has long been based on resources to one that is based on science (Ruttan, 2001 p. 179). We will write a custom essay sample on Agricultural_Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now To quantify the shift in terms of population, as the global population neared $1 billion, the increased demand for agriculture was met by expanding farm land area. In sharp contrast, the population, and consequently the demand for agriculture, more than doubled after 1950. Virtually all of the demand, which suddenly doubled, was met by increasing farm productivity (Federico, 2005 p. 388). For developed countries, the shift from a most resource-based system to a science-based system began in the 19th century. But, unfortunately for developing countries, these changes did not begin to take place until the second half of the 20th century, thereby leaving the developing countries at a disadvantage because the demands place on agriculture had doubled by this time. Population and income growth were the underlying causes of this two-fold increase. Because demands are expected to rapidly double again, substantial and scientific and technical effort will be required in the worldââ¬â¢s poorest in countries in order for them to complete the transition to the science-based system (Ruttan, 2001 p. 179). Since the 1950s, the overall understanding of agricultureââ¬â¢s role in economic development has increased. In the past, development economists in premodern and traditional societies viewed agriculture as static as sustained annual growth rates as low as 0.5 to 1% were feasible over extended periods. With industrialization, agricultural output growth rates increased to 1.5% to 2.5%, rates which were sustained for extended periods of time in Western Europe, North America, and Japan. Since 1950, growth rates have shifted further upward to 3%. This increase primarily took place in newly developing countries like Brazil, The Peopleââ¬â¢s Republic of China, and Mexico. As output growth rates steadily increased, economists came to adopt the new view that agriculture was dynamic rather than static (Ruttan, 2001 p. 180). By 1960, the high-payoff input model merged as a new theory by which economists were attempting to understand agriculture. It took into consideration agroenvironmental constraints and is based on the conclusion that these constrains make agricultural technology location specific. For example, it was discovered that technologies that were developed in highly developed countries were generally not transferable to less developed countries which had different climates and resource endowments. Additionally, it appeared evident that because poor countries were not providing peasant farmers with technical and economic opportunities, reallocating resources in traditional peasant agriculture would only produce marginal productivity gains. Under the high-payoff input model, it was argued that developing economies could be transformed by investments from the public and private sectors to make high-payoff technical inputs available to poor farmers (Ruttan, 2001 p. 187). Between the 1970s and mid 1980s, Hayami, Ruttan ,and Binswanger developed a new agricultural model in which conditions in the economic system arose from technical and institutional change. This model was based on the recognition that there is more than one path to technological development. These different paths to development make it possible for a country to substitute more abundant factors for scarce factors. Techniques which allow for the substitution of other labor factors are termed ââ¬Å"labor savingâ⬠, while techniques which facilitate the substitution of other land factors are referred to as ââ¬Å"land savingâ⬠. Mechanical technology corresponds with labor saving technology, as it substitutes power and machinery for labor. Biological technology, which tends to substitute intensive production practices and industrial inputs for land, corresponds with land saving techniques. Chemical fertilizers, increased recycling of manures, pesticides, and pathogen-resistant crops are example of land saving technologies. Mechanical technology and mechanical processes were the driving force of the industrial revolution. But biological and chemical technologies became more prominent in the latter half of the 20th century (Ruttan, 2001 p. 188, 190). How to cite Agricultural_Development, Papers Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-60113676497987084582019-12-07T05:00:00.001-08:002019-12-07T05:00:05.964-08:00Organization Have Discovered Several Requireââ¬Myassignmenhelp.Com Question: Explain Organization Have Discovered Several Require? Answer: Introduction This paper discusses about the issues that have been brought forward by the management of Byrne Limited. The directors of the organization have discovered several issues that require clarification. The views of the directors may not be in line with the Australian Accounting Standard, Corporations Act 2001 and thereby not bring out the correct and fair views. Therefore, Mr Bastin Byrne, the managing director of Byrne Ltd has emailed the manager of the accounting practice of Baxter and Associates Ms Pippa Baxter regarding various issues that are seen in his company. Ms Pippa Baxter has therefore asked to mail a draft on behalf of the response of the mail. This draft therefore will explain all the issues that have been asked by Mr Byrne. The draft will try to answer the problems that have been put forward by Mr Byrne and the answers are discussed as follows: It is seen that Mr Ambrose has suggested that there is no longer any requirement to show the non-current assets at their cost value in the balance sheet. According to this statement, it is suggested that it is not necessary to reveal all their non-current assets at the cost value as the various non-current assets shown at different values according to the life cycle of the non-current asset. It is therefore recommended that the life cycle of the non-current assets are understood and thereafter the value that will be showed in the balance sheet will be determined (Yao et al., 2015). It is seen that there are various values that are available in the market namely the fair value, carrying value, cost value, recoverable value etc. The cost value of the non-current asset may not show the actual feature of the asset and that would lead to wrong data. Therefore, it can be said that the suggestion given out by Mr Ambrose can be taken into consideration (Brouwer Hoogendoorn 2017). However, there are various other options that are available to the organization of they can value their non-current assets. It is important to understand the stage the non-current assets are going through and then decide what the value that requires to be published. If the non-current asset is going through the acquiring stage, then it needs to be valued at the fair value of the assets that are given up for claiming the non-current assets. During the holding stage the assets are valued with respect to its position like the depreciation, impairment examination and revaluation model (Picker et al., 2016). It is seen that the minor repairs are expensed and huge repairs are capitalised. The carrying value and the cost value are used at this stage. However, it is seen that in case of the disposal stage recovery value is used. Therefore, it is suggested that the assets are valued according to the stage at which the asset lies and thereby helping the organization to publish the true value t hat will be helpful for the preparation of the balance sheet true and fairly. This issue discusses about the warranty costs that are incurred or expected by the company for repairing and replacing any product that has been sold by the company. The company earlier used to record their warranty cost by comparing it with their actual value. However, it is seen that in the current meeting they have decided not to do so. The estimation of the warranty expense before the actual cost can be determined with the forecasting ability of the firm. The estimation of the warranty cost before the actual cost is only possible if the accrual takes place in the same accounting period in which the associated sale of the product is recorded (Perreault et al., 2016). In doing so, the financial statements precisely reveals all the related costs that are linked with the sale of the product and thereby revealing the true profitability gained through the process of selling of the product. The best way to calculate the warranty expense is to compare the expense with the actual cost as the utilization of this process is helpful for understanding the true value that is incurred. The use of this method minimises the chances of any false statements and revealing of the true value. This method is a simple method and is very easy for the accountants to compute and the use of this method reduces the chances of the variances in the warranty costs (Lee Vetter 2015). However, it is even recommended that the company should even estimate the expenses that have not incurred yet as it has been done a plenty of time in accounting. It is known that accounting requires the use of forecasting as it is done to predict the bad debts so that the company stay prepared for it. In the same way, the estimation of warranty expenses is even important so that the firm can stay ready for such expenses from the beginning of the accounting year and can undertake various actions to mitigate the warr anty expenses thereby maintaining their profit level that they desire. The estimation of the expenses earlier than the incurring of the cost can aid the firm preparing contingency steps so that they can avoid their operations from any additional losses. It is recommended that he warranty expenses should be predicted by looking at the past company history of the firm (Walstra et al., 2014). The previous history of the firm can be known by looking at their journal entries and income statement of the firm. In order to predict the warranty expense of the firm, there are three things that requires to be considered. They are as follows: The number of units of the products that have been sold during the time period that has been recorded What is the total percentage of the of the product sold may require replacement or repairs by looking at the past experiences Discovering the average cost of replacement or repairs that are under the warranty period The use of these methods will be useful for the determination of the warranty expenses before the actual cost. Therefore, it is recommended that the new decagons can be implemented by the company as it may improve their business activities and solve the issues that are in consideration. The third issue that has been given out in the mail is in regards with the posting of the long leave expenses for their employees. An amount of $150,000 has been calculated as the long leave expenses for the employees for the firm. The company usually posts this expense in their Statement of Comprehensive Income when the employees generally take the leave and the amount is paid to them. The problem that has lingers in mind of the firm is that it is very difficult to estimate the time when the employees will take the leave. In such a situation, it is seen that when the employees take leave the expenses gets increased during that month and it has an effect on the profit of the firm. It is even seen that the chances of every employee taking a leave at the same time is impossible (Flannery 2016). However, there is a possibility that a higher percentage of the employees can take leave at the same time. Therefore, it is recommended that the organization creates a contingency liability for the employee leave expenses so that in case of emergency they can make use of this fund to pay off the expenses towards the long leave (Bova 2016). The maintenance of the contingent liability lowers the chances of the firm facing any loss of profit within a financial year and reduces the burden over them for paying additional expenses during a specific time period. The disclosure of the long leave expenses as a contingent liability is recommended as it provides the firm with knowledge about the expenses they have to bear in the current period or in future and accordingly they strategize their business plan so that they can maintain their profit over their additional expenses (Hall et al., 2014). The contingent liability lowers the pressure over the firm and they can even use this fund for any emergency situation that was unexpected in terms of the company thereby mitigating the problem and maintaining their current business operations This is a very complex and core issue that is faced by the organization. It is seen that there are various non-cancellable contracts that the firm have gone into for giving out after sales services to their customers. The money for these services are paid by the customers themselves and thereby overcoming any added problems. The problem has been generated with a contract that has been undertaken when a purchaser has paid out $12,000 for an after sales service for a period of 1 year. The amount that requires to be paid for 1 year has been paid together in a lump and the whole amount is paid to the company. It is seen that the usual practice of the company is to post this revenue in their Comprehensive Income Statement as service revenue (Huang et al., 2016). However, in this meeting Mr. Ambrose, one of the managing directors has discovered a substitute way of recognizing this revenue in the income statement. He feels that the payment given one time is a deferred income and thus should be posted as the service is rendered. Saroo, on the other hand, being other managing director contradicts to this proposal and says that usual practice should be used. According to the present scenario, it is recommended that the proposal given out Mr Ambrose should be adopted. It is due to the fact that even though the contracts are non-cancellable there are chances that there might be discrepancies that might lead to a problem between the firm and the service company. In such situations there are certain clause and situations that can lead to the cancellation of the contract (Feinschreiber et al., 2014) . There is another case, in which the client may not require the need of the service in the middle of their service period. In that situation he is likely to ask for refund for the period he does not wish to receive the services (Finke Pfau 2015). Therefore, it is better to keep the revenue saved as deferred income and the revenue is to be posted as the service is being rendered so that an accurate maintenance of the income can be kept. This process may involve numerous passing of entries, but this process will increase the fairness of the financial statement. In order to reduce any sort of financial mishap within the income statement of the firm, this strategy is suggested (Bohuov Vvrov 2014). The next issue that is line is the company has decided to sell one of their divisions to a New Zealand Company as Byrne Ltd does not want to concentrate on this line of product. It is seen that this company wants to pay an additional $300,000 over the fair value that has been agreed upon by both the parties. The extra amount that has been agreed about can be regarded as goodwill by Byrne Ltd it is known that goodwill refers to any amount that has been given over the fair value of the asset (Zhang Zhang 2017). It is seen that the unrecorded patent that that will be transferred to them will be treated similarly like the intangible assets and thereby can be accounted for in the same way as intangible assets are treated. The unrecorded asset will be accounted namely through initial recording, amortization, impairment and de-recognition (Sinclair Keller 2017). The shares issued by the company from New Zealand on account for the division is due to an extra benefit or remuneration to Byrne Ltd. The issue of the shares to Byrne Ltd reveals that the New Zealand Company has made Byrne Ltd as their shareholders and even they possess a part of the business that is operated by the New Zealand Company. Therefore, officially it can be said that Byrne Ltd is a shareholder of the New Zealand Company (Bugeja, Loyeung 2015). These shareholders can account for these shares by recognizing them as their investment and posting the dividend that is yielded from the shares in their Comprehensive Income Statement. Conclusion The conclusion of the paper reveals that all the queries that were emailed by Mr. Byrne have been answered and sufficient evidence and relevance has been provided with the answer so that they terminate the issues that rose from the general meeting. The rectification of these issues will improve the operations of the firm thereby leading to rise in profit and market share of the organization. Reference List Bohuov, H., Vvrov, E. (2014). The structure of the deferred income tax and its influence on indicators describing the economic performance of commercial insurance companies.Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis,55(3), 143-156. Bova, M. E. (2016).The Fiscal Costs of Contingent Liabilities. International Monetary Fund. Brouwer, A., Hoogendoorn, M. (2017). The Role and Current Status of IFRS in the Completion of National Accounting RulesEvidence from the Netherlands.Accounting in Europe, 1-13. Bugeja, M., Loyeung, A. (2015). What drives the allocation of the purchase price to goodwill?.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(3), 245-261. Feinschreiber, S. A., Lyalko, A., Mazumdar, P. D. (2014).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/493,194. Finke, M., Pfau, W. D. (2015). Reduce Retirement Costs with Deferred Income Annuities Purchased before Retirement.Journal of Financial Planning,28, 7-40. Flannery, M. J. (2016). Stabilizing large financial institutions with contingent capital certificates.Quarterly Journal of Finance,6(02), 1650006. Hall, S. C., Carstenson, L. G., Stammerjohan, W. W. (2014). The Case of the Exxon Valdez: Reporting Contingent Liabilities for Potential Damage Awards.The Accounting Educators' Journal,23. Huang, H., Milevsky, M. A., Young, V. R. (2016). Optimal Purchasing of Deferred Income Annuities When Payout Yields are Mean-Reverting.Review of Finance, rfw003. Lee, B. B., Vetter, W. (2015). Critical Evaluation of Accrual Models in Earnings Management Studies.Journal of Accounting and Finance,15(1), 62. Perreault, S., Kida, T., David Piercey, M. (2016). The Relative Effectiveness of Simultaneous versus Sequential Negotiation Strategies in Auditor?Client Negotiations.Contemporary Accounting Research. Picker, R., Clark, K., Dunn, J., Kolitz, D., Livne, G., Loftus, J., van der Tas, L. (2016).Applying international financial reporting standards. John Wiley Sons. Sinclair, R., Keller, K. L. (2017). Brand value, accounting standards, and mergers and acquisitions:The Moribund Effect.Journal of Brand Management,24(2), 178-192. Walstra, R., Harrington, S., Drougas, A. (2014). Developing financial competencies within the business curriculum: a deferred tax assignment.Journal of Finance and Accountancy,15, 1. Yao, D. F. T., Percy, M., Hu, F. (2015). Fair value accounting for non-current assets and audit fees: Evidence from Australian companies.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,11(1), 31-45. Zhang, I. X., Zhang, Y. (2017). Accounting discretion and purchase price allocation after acquisitions.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,32(2), 241-270. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-77427967824441090952019-11-29T16:42:00.001-08:002019-11-29T16:42:02.559-08:00About a boy free essay sample About a boy is a novel written by the famous English author Nick Hornby. Nick was born the 17th April in 1957, and had from an early age a massive dedication for books and literature. Heââ¬â¢s first finished novel was called ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢High Fidelityââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ and became a great success, which encouraged him to write more, and by the end of the year 1998 he had published ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢About a Boyââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢. It received great reviews. ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢About a boyââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ is a story about twelve-year old Marcus and 36-year old Will and how they develop their friendship. Marcusââ¬â¢ parents are divorced and he now lives with his mother Fiona in London. Fiona tries to not be like everyone else and tells Marcus to be himself, which in his situation means to be like her, and is therefore making troubles for Marcus with fitting in at his new school. Both pupils and teachers are giving Marcus a hard time, and not just through the way he acts does he stand out, he is wearing different clothes and have a different haircut, which in the bullies eyes makes him look even more like a weirdo. We will write a custom essay sample on About a boy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marcus is the oldest twelve-year old boy in the whole world since he thinks and acts a lot different from the other ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢normalââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ teenagers, he thinks like a grown-up, and even though he tries to make himself invisible he is being bullied by the others. Will at the other hand is the complete different from Marcus. He is a grown-up man but thinks like a teenager. His father wrote a very popular Christmas song that are still making a lot of money, so Will does not have a job and he will probably never need one. Will is only interested in getting single mums to bed, and thatââ¬â¢s exactly the way that he and Marcus meet, through a single parents group. At first Will and Marcus doesnââ¬â¢t go very good along, but as time goes by they get to know each other and so they are starting to learn from each other. Will teaches Marcus how to be a twelve-year old wile Marcus teaches Will how to be a 36-year old grown-up. The main characters of the story are Marcus and Will, and they are having a bit of a strange and complicated relationship. They are both ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢the wrong ageââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ in their head, but throughout the story they learn from each other and at the end they are both acting like they are ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢supposedââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ to do. Some of the other characters are also being big impacts behind the feelings and reactions of the main characters. Letââ¬â¢s take a closer look at some of them; Fiona. She is the mother of Marcus and a rather depressive musician therapist. Her life consists of trying not to be a cheap, or more easily known as trying not to be like everyone else. She is not poor, but not rich either. She is having very big influence in Marcusââ¬â¢ life. She is quite unique and she lives in the past, listening to Joni Mitchell and wearing funny clothes. She has got some problems and tried to top herself once, luckily she did not succeed. She is a bit selfish, considering the fact that she got a child to take care of. Ellie. Ellie is a 15-year old punk girl from Marcusââ¬â¢ school. She is a very rebellious teenager and most people are afraid of her. She decides that she likes Marcusââ¬â¢, and the two of them built a strange but good friendship. Ellie thinks that Marcus is funny and Marcus gets a lifesaver. One of the most important themes in the book is obviously childhood. The story teaches us that growing up have nothing to do with age, and even though people often think that older folks have more experience and knowledge than the younger generation, the story shows us a different moral. Older people can just as well learn from young people, and itââ¬â¢s only natural that the learning goes both ways. In my opinion this is a great book in many ways. The author writes in a way that makes it possible to read for people at almost all ages. The theme is not just interesting, but also important. There are actions and feelings in the book that most people can relate to, which makes it even more interesting. And since the writer have used quite an easy language the book is a great ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢first experienceââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ for people reading their first book in their second language. The book is also quite funny, which is always a plus for me. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-32418504494664078282019-11-25T18:34:00.001-08:002019-11-25T18:34:03.330-08:00la pieta essaysla pieta essays To see a scorned, beaten, and crucified man lying dead in the arms of his mother is an image, which can inspire overwhelming emotions within the heart of an observer. Yet, for the longest time I've had such difficulty looking at Michelangelo's Pieta or any piece of art in this way. To me, art has never been about expressing oneself or conveying a message to others, but simply creating an image for the sake of beauty and perfection. When I look at the Pieta I see a cold, solid mass of marble carved by the skilled hands of a master. I look at it in terms of the technique Michelangelo used, the understanding he had of the human form, the movement within the composition, and ultimately the precision and realism with which the piece was rendered. For it has been upon these standards that I have based my concept of what art is. In my eyes, art has always been just a unique ability that I have. I feel driven by it, not to express some deep emotion, but almost as an obsession to perfect my own ability. Every stroke of a brush and every motion of a file has been to make what I've created more detailed, graceful, and real. I'm only now beginning to realize how much more there is to art than what I had previously understood. When I look at a piece of my work, I see the detail and realism of it, yet somehow I feel that these aspects are all that it possesses. I wonder whether or not I've almost turned my sense of art into a science that lacks the essential characteristics of art, which are expression and emotion. Yet now I have also begun to see that the strictness and precision of my art truly is an expression of who I am, and that through it, one can understand how I perceive the world around me. I feel uncomfortable in a world where nearly every aspect of our lives is becoming less clearly defined and where right and wrong are continually forsaken for a vague sense of truth. So in some respects, art provides me with the sense of str ... Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-61708551871561830372019-11-22T01:58:00.001-08:002019-11-22T01:58:02.683-08:00Quality of Care for Diabetic Patients in a Large Urban Public Hospital AssignmentQuality of Care for Diabetic Patients in a Large Urban Public Hospital - Assignment Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that Suwattee, Lynch, and Pendergrass relied on hospital records mainly from the quality improvement department to collect data pertaining to patient characteristics and information on their follow up by physicians. They analyzed the data using x2 test, ANOVA, Fisherââ¬â¢s PLSD test to observe categorical and continuous variables, while taking the help of SAS statistical software. They concluded that diabetes clinic provided the highest quality care while clinic staffed by internal medicine residents provided the intermediate and the other clinic staffed by faculty physicians provided the least amount of care. Validity: As it was mentioned by the authors, the research was mainly based on documented reports rather than direct observations. Also, if their pre-existing favorability towards diabetes clinic had made them perform an overlooked biased study with respect to selection and testing of measures, the internal valid ity would have been in question. However, the documentation of their data analysis and the correlation of results and assumptions with relevant published data suggest that the study can be considered as validated. From the data, assumptions and relative measures provided by the authors, it can be stated that the results of this study have content, predictive and concurrent validity, respectively. Applicability: The main point identified in this research was that diabetes clinic having a disease-management process provided highest quality care to patients. It was in spite of the fact that some aspects of the care in the diabetes clinic are provided by least experienced personnel than those in the clinic staffed by faculty physicians. Adherence to standard guidelines for patient care through a system-wide coordination among involved providers is the key for this difference. Though this comprehensive approach seems widely applicable, the fact that even the diabetes clinicââ¬â¢s scor e was also suboptimal indicates that applicability needs long-term commitment and participation of all involved entities. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-71217601633327099662019-11-20T19:17:00.001-08:002019-11-20T19:17:03.476-08:00World history and american history Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsWorld history and american history - Assignment Example They emerged around 900 BCE. They had a long lasting culture in Peru, for about 100 years. They contributed artefact like the cast bronze artwork that spread around Peru. They used bronze for artwork and not for making weapons. The Chavan never lasted for a longer period as the Olmec (Rosenswig, Robert 167) The Operation was developed by the U.S government to transport the Vietnamese orphans out of the war-torn country. The first flight was to leave Saigon on 4th April 1974. During the last days of the war, the United States began boarding the Vietnamese children into the military transport. The aim was to let the children adopted by American, European, Canadian and Australian families. The first plane crashed and killed approximately 138 Vietnam children. Other children, transported by McDonald and other volunteers, succeeded to reach the destination safely (Wise, Phillip 223). The mechanics or logistics of the operation was by the airlifting of the children who were believed to be orphans. The process was through a seated cargo plane. Inside the plane, the children sat in small cardboard boxes lined with blankets (Wise, Phillip 251). The plane had caretakers with volunteers inside. Babylift operation was seen as the last desperate attempt to get sympathy for the war. As the war was towards its end, food became inadequate, and gasoline became very expensive as one moved towards the north. Therefore, the childrenââ¬â¢s lives were at risk. So they had to be taken to America so as to seek help. The outcome of the operation was successful to some level. The first plane that left Saigon crashed several minutes after its takeoff and killed 138 people, most of which included the children. Despite the crash, the operation managed to remove more than 3300 children out of Vietnam. It appeared that most of the children had families and were not orphans. The rumors were that most of the childrenââ¬â¢s parents got desperate to Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-35382943811848078372019-11-18T20:54:00.001-08:002019-11-18T20:54:03.309-08:00Drafting Introbodyconclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsDrafting Introbodyconclusion - Essay Example They spend a lot of time and money in their quest for the perfect body. They spend time under the surgeon's knife, trying as hard to look the perfect person. Models on the ramp, play host to millions of probing eyes and have been taught to look their pleasing best. Life is never easy on the fast track. Leaving behind their personal feelings, and throwing caution to wind, these tall, slim-legged, hour-glass bodied women live a life of make-believe. Is life on the ramp a bed of roses, as most of us make it to be How true has the proverb, "All that shines is not gold" proved to be. Yes! The ramp is a stage, and the models, its actors. They are there to please the connoisseur and our senses. To follow them would be disastrous and to say the least, painful. Health and beauty industries thrive on women's senses. Not much can be said of men's apparel or health and beauty care. This multi-million dollar industry remains vibrant thanks to media hype and idol-worship. Not much is seen or heard of adversities. MTV shows women clad in minutiae bits and pieces of clothing flashing more of bodies than the cloth they are supposed to represent. This is far from the reality of what fashion should be today. It's true that there remains a few with genuine interest in clothing and its accessories, but for the majority, it's the flesh and blood that appeals most. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-34670883913449406062019-11-16T09:26:00.001-08:002019-11-16T09:26:14.305-08:00Genetic Engineering of BT CottonGenetic Engineering of BT Cotton INTRODUCTION BT cotton Cotton and other monocultured crops require an intensive use of pesticides as various types of pests attack these crops causing extensive damage. Over the past 40 years, many pests have developed resistance to pesticides. cSo far, the only successful approach to engineering crops for insect tolerance has been the addition of Bt toxin, a family of toxins originally derived from soil bacteria. The Bt toxin contained by the Bt crops is no different from other chemical pesticides, but causes much less damage to the environment. These toxins are effective against a variety of economically important crop pests but pose no hazard to non-target organisms like mammals and fish. Three Bt crops are now commercially available: corn, cotton, and potato. As of now, cotton is the most popular of the Bt crops: it was planted on about 1.8 million acres (728437 ha) in 1996 and 1997. The Bt gene was isolated and transferred from a bacterium bacillus thurigiensis to American cotton. The American cotton was subsequently crossed with Indian cotton to introduce the gene into native varieties. The Bt cotton variety contains a foreign gene obtained from bacillus thuringiensis. This bacterial gene, introduced genetically into the cotton seeds, protects the plants from bollworm (A. lepidoptora), a major pest of cotton. The worm feeding on the leaves of a BT cotton plant becomes lethargic and sleepy, thereby causing less damage to the plant Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India and Africa. The fiber most often is spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile, which is the most widely used natural-fiber cloth in clothing today. It is a natural fibre. The English name, which began to be used circa 1400, derives from the Arabic meaning cotton. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, In the Southern United States, cotton was known as King Cotton because of the great economic and cultural influence it had there. Cotton has been spun, woven, and dyed since prehistoric times. It clothed the people of ancient India, Egypt, and China. Hundreds of years before the Christian era cotton textiles were woven in India with matchless skill, and their use spread to the Mediterranean countries. In the 1st cent. Arab traders brought fine muslin and calico to Italy and Spain. The Moors introduced the cultivation of cotton into Spain in the 9th cent. Fustians and dimities were woven there and in the 14th cent. in Venice and Milan, at first with a linen warp. Little cotton cloth was imported to England before the 15th cent., although small amounts were obtained chiefly for candlewicks. By the 17th cent. the East India Company was bringing rare fabrics from India. Native Americans skillfully spun and wove cotton into fine garments and dyed tapestries. Cotton fabrics found in Peruvian tombs are said to belong to a pre-Inca culture. In color and texture the ancient Peruvian and Mexican textiles resemble those f ound in Egyptian tombs. Field trials have n that farmers who grew the Bt variety obtained 25%-75% more cotton than those who grew the normal variety. Also, Bt cotton requires only two sprays of chemical pesticide against eight sprays for normal variety. According to the director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, India uses about half of its pesticides on cotton to fight the bollworm menace. Organic cotton Organic cotton is cotton that is grown without insecticide or pesticide. Worldwide, cotton is a pesticide-intensive crop, using approximately 25% of the worlds insecticides and 10% of the worlds pesticides.Organic agriculture uses methods that are ecological, economical, and socially sustainable and denies the use of agrochemicals and artificial fertilizers. Instead, organic agriculture uses crop rotation, the growing of different crops than cotton in alternative years. The use of insecticides is prohibited; organic agriculture uses natural enemies to suppress harmful insects. The production of organic cotton is more expensive than the production of conventional cotton. Although toxic pollution from synthetic chemicals is eliminated, other pollution-like problems may remain, particularly run-off. Organic cotton is produced in organic agricultural systems that produce food and fiber according to clearly established standards. Organic agriculture prohibits the use of toxic and persiste nt chemical pesticides and fertilizers, as well as genetically modified organisms. It seeks to build biologically diverse agricultural systems, replenish and maintain soil fertility, and promote a healthy environment. Bacillus thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium of the genus Bacillus. Additionally, B. thuringiensis also occurs naturally in the gut of caterpillars of various types of moths and butterflies, as well as on the dark surface of plants.[1] B. thuringiensis was discovered 1901 in Japan by Ishiwata and 1911 in Germany by Ernst Berliner, who discovered a disease called Schlaffsucht in flour moth caterpillars. B. thuringiensis is closely related to B. cereus, a soil bacterium, and B. anthracis, the cause of anthrax: the three organisms differ mainly in their plasmids. Like other members of the genus, all three are aerobes capable of producing endospores.[1] Upon sporulation, B. thuringiensis forms crystals of proteinaceous insecticidal ÃŽà ´-endotoxins (Cry toxins) which are encoded by cry genes.[2] Cry toxins have specific activities against species of the orders Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies), Diptera (Flies and Mosquitoes) and Coleoptera (Beetles). Thus, B. thuringiensis serves as an important reservoir of Cry toxins and cry genes for production of biological insecticides and insect-resistant genetically modified crops. When insects ingest toxin crystals the alkaline pH of their digestive tract causes the toxin to become activated. It becomes inserted into the insects gut cell membranes forming a pore resulting in swelling, cell lysis and eventually killing the insect. Genetically modified cotton Genetically modified (GM) cotton was developed to reduce the heavy reliance on pesticides. The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis naturally produces a chemical harmful only to a small fraction of insects, most notably the larvae of moths and butterflies, beetles, and flies, and harmless to other forms of life. The gene coding for BT toxin has been inserted into cotton, causing cotton to produce this natural insecticide in its tissues. In many regions the main pests in commercial cotton are lepidopteran larvae, which are killed by the BT protein in the transgenic cotton that they eat. This eliminates the need to use large amounts of broad-spectrum insecticides to kill lepidopteran pests (some of which have developed pyrethroid resistance). This spares natural insect predators in the farm ecology and further contributes to non-insecticide pest management. BT cotton is ineffective against many cotton pests, however, such as plant bugs, stink bugs, aphids, etc.; depending on circumstances it may still be desirable to use insecticides against these. Genetically modified cotton is widely used throughout the world. However, researchers have recently published the first documented case of in-field pest resistance to GM cotton. The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) said that, worldwide, GM cotton was planted on an area of 67,000 kmà ² in 2002. This is 20% of the worldwide total area planted in cotton. The U.S. cotton crop was 73% GM in 2003. Cotton has gossypol, a toxin that makes it inedible. However, scientists have silenced the gene that produces the toxin, making it a potential food crop. Uses Spores and crystalline insecticidal proteins produced by B. thuringiensis are used as specific insecticides under trade names such as Dipel and Thuricide. Because of their specificity, these pesticides are regarded as environmentally friendly, with little or no effect on humans, wildlife, pollinators, and most other beneficial insects. The Belgian company Plant Genetic Systems was the first company (in 1985) to develop genetically engineered (tobacco) plants with insect tolerance by expressing cry genes from B. thuringiensis. B. thurigiensis-based insecticides are often applied as liquid sprays on crop plants, where the insecticide must be ingested to be effective. It is thought that the solubilized toxins form pores in the midgut epithelium of susceptible larvae. Recent research has suggested that the midgut bacteria of susceptible larvae are required for B. thuringiensis insecticidal activity. Genetic engineering for pest control Bt crops (in corn and cotton) were planted on 281,500 kmà ² in 2006 (165,600 kmà ² of Bt corn and 115900 kmà ² of Bt cotton). This was equivalent to 11.1% and 33.6% respectively of global plantings of corn and cotton in 2006.] Claims of major benefits to farmers, including poor farmers in developing countries, have been made by advocates of the technology, and have been challenged by opponents. The task of isolating impacts of the technology is complicated by the prevalence of biased observers, and by the rarity of controlled comparisons (such as identical seeds, differing only in the presence or absence of the Bt trait, being grown in identical situations). The main Bt crop being grown by small farmers in developing countries is cotton, and a recent exhaustive review of findings on Bt cotton by respected and unbiased agricultural economists concluded that the overall balance sheet, though promising, is mixed. Economic returns are highly variable over years, farm type, and geograp hical location Advantages There are several advantages in expressing Bt toxins in transgenic Bt crops: The level of toxin expression can be very high thus delivering sufficient dosage to the pest. The toxin expression is contained within the plant system and hence only those insects that feed on the crop perish. The toxin expression can be modulated by using tissue-specific promoters, and replaces the use of synthetic pesticides in the environment. The latter observation has been well documented world-wide Possible problems The most celebrated problem ever associated with Bt crops was the claim that pollen from Bt maize could kill the monarch butterfly. This report was puzzling because the pollen from most maize hybrids contains much lower levels of Bt than the rest of the plant and led to multiple follow-up studies. In the end, it appears that the initial study was flawed; based on the way the pollen was collected, they collected and fed non-toxic pollen that was mixed with anther walls that did contain Bt toxin. The weight of the evidence is that BT crops do not pose a risk to the monarch butterfly. There was also a report in Nature, that Bt maize was contaminating maize in its center of origin. Nature later concluded that the evidence available is not sufficient to justify the publication of the original paper. A subsequent large-scale study failed to find any evidence of contamination in Oaxaca. Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5109608166608216252.post-47589596296728435752019-11-13T21:57:00.001-08:002019-11-13T21:57:04.635-08:00The Art of Calf Roping :: Expository Process EssaysThe Art of Calf Roping Itââ¬â¢s 2:00 a.m. Sunday morning. Jake and I are headed down the longest stretch of road in Texas. We have just pulled out of El Paso and are on the way to Fredericksburg to participate in the Frontier Days Rodeo. We were fortunate to have put together a decent run on our last draw and win enough day-money to keep us going for a while. Jake and I are rodeo-bums, to be specific, calf ropers. I am the one who tries to throw the loop of a rope around a calfââ¬â¢s neck and Jake is my partner, the best roping horse a cowboy ever mounted. By the way, how many understand the art of calf roping? I thought so. Let me walk through the steps of what it takes to put together that perfect run, not that I can do it that often. Contestants arrive at the arena an hour before the performance to draw the calf each will be roping. A large pen of calves is assembled, each calf branded with a different number. Corresponding numbers are placed in a hat and each cowboy draws his calf for the first go-around. There is always some cowboy who knows what rodeo string these particular calves are from and can discuss some trait of nearly all of them. For example, " number 16 breaks hard and heads straight to the far end of the arena. Number 8 will break hard but tends to veer sharply right on nearly every run. Number 21 breaks slow and many a good horse has run right past him". Having studied the calf, the run put together in my head several times, I am ready to rodeo. Jake is anxiously waiting and ready to be saddled. Mounting up, I pat Jake gently on the neck and we make several trips through the parking lot to get warmed up. The announcer calls my number and I walk Jake into the arena and check the calf in the chute to be sure he is the one we are to rope. I back Jake into the roping box and the judge stretches and secures the barrier. (The barrier is a small piece of rope pulled tight across the exit of the box designed to give the calf a 10- foot head start. If the horse leaves early and breaks the barrier, 10 seconds are added to the completion of the run). Waverly Ohhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17146203831904515513noreply@blogger.com0